Assignment 6: Six Degrees of Awesome – 600.226: Data Structures (Spring 2017) 600.226: Data Structures (Spring 2017) General 600.226 Syllabus Schedule Course Policies Ethics Policies Piazza People Joanne Peter Staff Homework Assignment 1 Assignment 2 Assignment 3 Assignment 4 Assignment 5 Assignment 6 Assignment 7 Assignment 8 Assignment 9 Assignment 6: Six Degrees of Awesome Out on: March 13, 2017 Due by: Wednesday, March 29, 2017 before 10:00 pm Collaboration: None Grading: Packaging 10%, Style 10% (where applicable), Testing 10% (where applicable), Performance 10% (where applicable), Functionality 60% (where applicable) Overview The sixth assignment is all about graphs, specifically about graphs of movies and the actors and actresses who star in them. You’ll use the incidence list representation to implement the Graph interface we reviewed in lecture. This representation is particularly memory-efficient for sparse graphs, something we’ll need. You’ll then use your graph implementation to help you play a variant of the famous Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon game. Which variant? See below! Problem 1: Graph Implementation (70%) Your first task for this assignment is to develop an “efficient” implementation of the Graph interface for directed graphs. You’ll follow the basic design for a linked representation in the form of incidence lists that we outlined in lecture. Your class implementing the Graph interface must be called SparseGraph. Note that you must not change the provided Graph interface in any way, or you risk losing all points for this assignment. We put “efficient” in quotes above because while the ideal is that all graph operations take O(1) time, the reality is that at least some operations will take more. For example, when inserting an edge you need to check for duplicate edges which will take O(d) where d is the maximum indegree / outdegree of the vertices in question. Similarly, when removing an edge, you need to find the edge you’re removing in the incoming / outgoing edge lists of the vertices in question, again something that will take O(d) time. Finally, depending on what you use internally to represent the various lists, you may have to make copies as part of operations like vertices or outgoing as discussed in lecture (and in a big comment in Graph.java as well), and those will not be O(1) operations either. We will eventually see an implementation of Graph that gets O(1) expected time for at least the first two, but that’s a few lectures down the road. As part of your SparseGraph implementation, you will need two private nested or inner classes, one to represent vertices, the other to represent edges. Sadly some things are easier with nested classes, other things are easier with inner classes. Making this decision can be challenging, so carefully think through the implications of each choice before you go too far down a particular implementation path. (Under no circumstances should you make one a nested class and the other an inner class, that would just be horrible.) Be prepared for some growing pains as you navigate the weird world of nested/inner classes with several type parameters! In particular the convert methods are bound to drive you insane as, for example, casting from a Vertex interface to your private class will most likely lead to an “unchecked cast” warning. As a special exemption from the usual rule regarding warnings, you’re allowed to have two of these “unchecked cast” warnings for free on this problem! This is not because we like them, but because the way to make them disappear (short of using @SuppressWarnings which you’re not allowed to do) is shrouded in deep mystery. Note that you are allowed (in principle anyway) to use the Java collection classes java.util.List, java.util.ArrayList, and java.util.LinkedList. However, as discussed in lecture, using these will cause iterator complications that you’ll have to deal with. (See also the long comment regarding iterators in the Graph interface.) The other option of course is to continue using our own home-grown interfaces and implementations. Testing Your SparseGraph class should come with a full suite of JUnit 4 test cases in a file SparseGraphTest.java. Ideally you follow the approach we showed you for testing lists, namely using a GraphTestBase.java class to hold the test cases applicable to all graphs and using SparseGraphTest.java only to create the correct object to test. Be sure to test all methods and be sure to test all exceptions for error situations as well. Printing Graphs Finally, your SparseGraph class has to implement a special toString() method as well. For a simple Graph into which the vertices holding data A and B as well as an edge holding data 7 from A to B have been inserted, the string returned by toString() should have the following format: digraph {
"A";
"B";
"A" -> "B" [label="7"];
} Note that it is very important that you follow this format exactly as given, curly braces and quote marks and all. In this format, all the vertices are listed first, one per line, then all the edges, one per line. A semi-colon ends each line. The “label” is particular to the format being used, but not to be confused with the label methods in our Graph interface. Rather the word “label” here is used to designate the data value stored in an edge. (Interface related labels stored in edges or vertices during algorithm execution are only temporary and not part of the toString output in any way.) If you want you can stop reading this part of the assignment now; but if you are curious why we picked this format, read on. Drawing Graphs with GraphViz The strange format for “printing” the graph is useful because various tools in the GraphViz package can be used to turn those strings into “actual” graphs: This particular image was made by running the command $ dot -Tpng graph.dot >graph.png with graph.dot containing the string shown above. Note that you’re not required to do anything in particular with GraphViz for this problem, just follow the format as described and you’ll be fine. (But again, if you’re curious to try, you can install graphviz easily in Lubuntu using the Synaptic Package Manager.) Problem 2: Six Degrees of Angelina Jolie (30%) Your second task for this assignment is to write a program that will help you play the Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon game. This game is played on a graph of movies and actors and actresses who starred in them. You can read all about the original game at the link above, but we’ll be playing a variant called “Six Degrees of Angelina Jolie” instead. It’s only fair. The Jolie Number is defined as follows: Angelina Jolie has a Jolie Number of 0; people who co-starred in a movie with Angelina Jolie have a Jolie Number of 1; people who co-starred in a movie with someone who has a Jolie Number of 1 in turn have a Jolie Number of 2; and so on. Given any actor or actress, the goal of the game is to establish their Jolie Number by a sequence of movies and co-stars. For example, using the “action” data set posted on Piazza, we can show that Peter Sellers has a Jolie Number of 2 as follows: Sellers, Peter
Casino Royale (1967)
Bisset, Jacqueline
Mr. & Mrs. Smith (2005)
Jolie, Angelina Angelina Jolie (0) starred in “Mr. & Mrs. Smith” with Jacqueline Bisset (1) who starred in “Casino Royale” with Peter Sellers (2). Or let’s try Meryl Streep instead: Streep, Meryl
River Wild, The (1994)
Bratt, Benjamin (I)
Great Raid, The (2005)
Macintosh, Laird
Alexander (2004)
Jolie, Angelina Angelina Jolie (0) starred in “Alexander” with Laird Macintosh (1) who starred in “The Great Raid” with Benjamin Bratt (2) who starred in “The River Wild” with Meryl Streep (3). Interestingly this works way into the past as well: De Rosselli, Rex
Elmo, the Mighty (1919)
Lincoln, Elmo
Story of Dr. Wassell, The (1944)
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano
Great Raid, The (2005)
Macintosh, Laird
Alexander (2004)
Jolie, Angelina Turns out that Rex De Roselli died in 1941 and yet he has a Jolie Number of just 4! Actually Rex really has a Jolie Number of 3 but we need to use a much bigger data set to show this: De Rosselli, Rex
Lazy Lightning (1926)
Gaynor, Janet (I)
Century of Cinema, A (1994)
Hopkins, Anthony
Alexander (2004)
Jolie, Angelina We have posted two data sets suitable for the program on Piazza (the data sets are courtesy of Robert Sedgewick): action06.txt (4.4 MB, only action movies) all06.txt (58 MB, all movies from the 2006 IMDB) The format of these data sets is rather simple: Each line is a movie, and each movie consists of several fields separated by the “/” character. The first field is the name of the movie itself, all the following fields are the names of actors and actresses starring in the movie. Reading this data is not complicated (although we did have to clean up the data sets to work around Java’s weird issues with UTF-8 files), but we hand you the parsing code anyway so you can focus on the search algorithm instead. In order to find the smallest Jolie Number for an actor we proceed as follows: First we identify the vertices for both Angelina Jolie and the actor in question (we already give you that code). Then we start a breadth-first search at the vertex for Angelina; as we do this we keep track of the “previous vertex” that got us to the one we’re currently investigating. Once we find the vertex for the other actor, we are done: We just have to print out the path that got us here. This implementation of BFS is the only thing you have to write for this problem! Please put your code into the Angelina.java file we posted on Piazza for you. Make sure that the user can run it as follows from the command line: $ java Angelina action06.txt "Oldman, Gary"
Oldman, Gary
Batman Begins (2005)
Bedella, David
Alexander (2004)
Jolie, Angelina In other words, the first argument to the program is the database to read and the second argument to the program is the actor for whom we want to determine the Jolie Number. You don’t have to worry too much about error handling for this problem, as long as correct command line invocations (a database file that’s actually present and has the correct format) work you’ll be fine. Of course you still shouldn’t throw exceptions… As a special exemption from the usual rule regarding warnings, you’re allowed to have one “unchecked cast” warning on this problem! Note: You may run into Java heap memory issues when running this program in our Lubuntu environment with the very large all06.txt file. If so, you can manually specify the heap size for the Java Virtual Machine when you run the program as follows. For example, if your VM machine has 1024 MB of internal memory, you can run the program this way: $ java -Xmx1024m Angelina all06.txt "Oldman, Gary" The -Xmx option allows you to specify a particular heap size for the Java VM. Deliverables You must turn in a zipped (.zip only) archive containing all source code, your README file, and any other deliverables required by the assignment. The filename should be HW##-jhed.zip with ## replaced by the 2-digit number (use leading 0s) of this assignment (see above) and jhed replaced by your Blackboard login. (For example, Peter would use HW03-pfroehl1.zip for his submission of Assignment 3.) The zip should contain no derived files whatsoever (i.e. no .class files, no .html files, etc.), but should allow building all derived files. Include a plain text README file (not README.txt or README.docx or whatnot) that briefly explains what your programs do and contains any other notes you want us to check out before grading. Your answers to written problems should be in this README file as well. Finally, make sure to include your name and email address in every file you turn in (well, in every file for which it makes sense to do so anyway)! Grading For reference, here is a short explanation of the grading criteria; some of the criteria don't apply to all problems, and not all of the criteria are used on all assignments. Packaging refers to the proper organization of the stuff you hand in, following both the guidelines for Deliverables above as well as the general submission instructions for assignments. Style refers to Java programming style, including things like consistent indentation, appropriate identifier names, useful comments, suitable javadoc documentation, etc. Many aspects of this are enforced automatically by Checkstyle when run with the configuration file available on Piazza. Style also includes proper modularization of your code (into interfaces, classes, methods, using public, protected, and private appropriately, etc.). Simple, clean, readable code is what you should be aiming for. Testing refers to proper unit tests for all of the data structure classes you developed for this assignment, using the JUnit 4 framework as introduced in lecture. Make sure you test all (implied) axioms that you can think of and all exception conditions that are relevant. Performance refers to how fast/with how little memory your program can produce the required results compared to other submissions. Functionality refers to your programs being able to do what they should according to the specification given above; if the specification is ambiguous and you had to make a certain choice, defend that choice in your README file. If your programs cannot be built you will get no points whatsoever. If your programs cannot be built without warnings using javac -Xlint:all we will take off 10% (except if you document a very good reason; no, you cannot use the @SuppressWarnings annotation either). If your programs fail miserably even once, i.e. terminate with an exception of any kind, we will take off 10% (however we'll also take those 10% off if you're trying to be "excessively smart" by wrapping your whole program into a universal try-catch).
