Java程序辅导

Computer Science for   
Engineers
Lecture 1
Course offerings in IMI, Organisational issues, Introduction
Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova
Dipl. Wi.-Ing. Dan Gutu
23rd of October 2009
Computer Science for   
Engineers
Lecture 1
Course offerings in IMI, Organisational issues, Introduction
Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova
Dipl. Wi.-Ing. Dan Gutu
23rd of October 2008
Institute for Information Management in Engineering
Where to find us:
I i f I f inst tute or n ormat on 
Management in Engineering 
Universität Karlsruhe (TH) 
AVG Süd 1.OG. 
Adenauerring 20, Geb. 50.41 
D-76131 Karlsruhe
P f D D I Ji k O h Di l Wi I D G
 
ro . r. r.- ng. v a vtc arova
Tel.: +49 (0) 721 608-2129
Fax: +49 (0) 721 661138
p . .- ng. an utu
Tel: +49 (0) 721 9654-526
Fax: +49 (0) 721 9654-527     
Email: jivka.ovtcharova@imi.uni-karlsruhe.de
Room 103
     
Email: gutu@fzi.de
FZI
Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 3
Main cources
Course offering at IMI (1)
 
• Computer Science for Engineers (CSE)
Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. J. 
Ovtcharova
• Virtual Engineering (VE) I+II
• Product Lifecycle Management (PLM)
Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. J. 
Ovtcharova
Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. J. 
Ovtcharova
• Simulation in the product development proces (SiPEP)
Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. J. 
Ovtcharova 
Prof. Dr.-Ing. A. Albers
Prof. Dr.-Ing. T. Böhlke
Industry courses
• Computer Integrated Planning of New Products (RPP) Dr.-Ing. R. Kläger, GKD
   
      
• Integration of Products, Processes and Resources in the 
Development of Automobiles (PPR-Integration)
Dipl.-Ing. S. Mbang, 
Daimler AG
• Virtual Engineering for Mechatronic Products (VEmP)
• PLM in the Manufacturing Industry (PLM-F)
Dr.-Ing. habil. S. Rude,
BMW AG
Dipl.-Wirtsch.-Ing. G. 
M i
Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 4
     e er,
Heidelberger 
Druckmaschinen AG
Course offering at IMI (2)
Lectures from the International Department
I f ti S t In orma on ys ems 
Understanding and readiness of the implementation of the 
Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) approach
Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. J. Ovtcharova
Information Systems II
f f C (C )
Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. J. Ovtcharova
Knowledge in the ield o  omputer Aided Ax  approach  and 
Virtual Engineering (VE)
Information Systems III 
Knowledge in Interface, Data and Information Technologies
Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. J. Ovtcharova
Methods of Simulation
Knowledge in the field of Methods of Simulation in Product 
Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. J. Ovtcharova 
Prof. Dr.-Ing. A. Albers
Prof Dr Ing T Böhlke
Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 5
Development Process (PDP)
. .- . . 
Computer Science for   
Engineers
Lecture 1
Course offerings in IMI, Organisational issues, Introduction
Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova
Dipl. Wi.-Ing. Dan Gutu
23rd of October 2009
Fundamental Information
• Lectures and Exercise slides can be found on the homepage: 
http://www.imi.uni-karlsruhe.de/280.php
Note: Slides may be updated after the lecture has been given!
• Lecture:
- Friday, 15:45 – 17:15 hours, SR 203, ID
• Exercise:
- Friday, 14:00 - 15:30 hours, SR 203, ID
- Topics: Java, Data Structures, Algorithms, Development Tools (Eclipse)
• Computer lab:
- See Website of the lecture
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- Certificate of completion of the computer lab is required for admission to the
exam
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 7
Exam
• When: 07.04.2010, 14:00 to 17:00 hours
• Relevant for the exam preparation are
- Lectures and Exercises (slides)
- Computer lab (mandatory)
• Point assignment in the exam:
- approx. 100 points
- approx. 50 points sufficient to pass
- approx. 50% practical assignments (programming)
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 8
Computing lab – General Information
• When: Will be announced on the hompeage
• Registration over the website
Th t l b b i i th 3rd k f l t• e compu er a  eg ns n e wee o ec ures.
• The tasks will be published on the homepage of the lecture. 
• The submission of all computer exercises (except sheet zero) is necessary
for the lab certificate. 
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 9
Computing lab – Organisation 
• There will be one or two exercise groups 
• Each group will be supervised by a tutor; computer lab exercises should be 
handed in to this tutor only.  
• The exercise sheets will be given out every 2 weeks. 
• In the first week relevant information about the computer exercise sheet 
will be repeated, followed by a short programming exercise. 
• Thereafter the exercise sheet can be worked on with help from the tutor. 
• The attendance of the computer lab is compulsory        
• 15 minutes late means the student is considered to be absent at that 
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• A student missing twice from the lab without proper reason will be excluded 
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 10
   
Exercise Hand-In 
• Hand-in:
- Student demonstrates the program to the tutor
- Tutor asks questions about how the program works, and other relevant 
information
- Each exercise is evaluated with maximally 20 points
- At least 65 points are required for exam admission
• Hand-in date:
The exercise should be handed in to the tutor the latest by the end of the-    
second week.
- The tutor will then ask questions about the handed in solution at the next
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 11
Computer Science for   
Engineers
Lecture 1
Course offerings in IMI, Organisational issues, Introduction
Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova
Dipl. Wi.-Ing. Dan Gutu
23rd of October 2009
Computer Science for Engineers : Topics 
1. Introduction
Lecture Contents
2. Basics
3. Object Orientation
4. Data Structures
5. Algorithms
6. Networks and Operating Systems
Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 13
7. Databases
Lecture Plan
Lecture Content
1. Introduction
1.1. Preface
1.1.2 Historical Development
 
1.1.1 Objectives and Literature
1.1.3 What is Computer Science?
1.1.4 Introduction to Computer Science
1 2 Engineering applications. .  
1.2.1 Application of Comp. Sci. in Engineering
1.2.2 Application of Comp. Sci in IMI
1.2.3 Product Lifecycle Management (PLM)
1.2.4 Computer Aided Design (CAD)
1 2 5 C t Aid d E i i (CAE). .  ompu er e  ng neer ng 
Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 14
Lecture Objectives
• Basic Knowledge of Computer Science and its Application in Engineering:
- What is Computer Science?
- Historical Development 
- Relevance of Computer Science to Engineering
- Practical Applications
• Fundamental relationships of the presentation of information, processing 
and paradigms with which engineers must be familiar:d  
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- Object Orientation
Algorithms and Data Structures.  O
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- Programming Languages
- Computer Architectureu c
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 15
Relevant Literature (1)
• Helmut Balzert: „Teaching the Basics of Computer Science“,
Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, November 2004
• Waldschmidt, Walter: „Main Features of Computer Science“ – Band 1 & 2,
Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, 1998
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• Waldschmidt: „Introduction to Computer Science for Engineers“,
Oldenbourg Verlag 1987.  O
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 16
Relevant Literature (2)
Gerhard Goos: Informatik 1 Eine einführende Übersicht   .   .
4. Auflage. Springer Lehrbuch, 1992, ISBN 3540527907.
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Gerhard Goos: Informatik 2. Eine einführende Übersicht.
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4. Auflage. Springer Lehrbuch, 1992,  ISBN 3540555676.
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 17
Relevant Literature (3)
Sebastian Abeck: Kursbuch Informatik (Broschiert)    ,
Universitätsverlag Karlsruhe, 2005, ISBN-10: 3937300686
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Axel Böttcher, Franz Kneißl: Informatik für Ingenieure: 
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Grundlagen und Programmierung in C, Oldenbourg; 
Auflage: 2., überarb. A., 2001, ISBN-10: 3486258125
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 18
Relevant Literature (4)
Dietmar Ratz: Grundkurs Programmieren in Java Band 1:     .   
Der Einstieg in Programmierung und Objektorientierung, 
HANSER_VERLAG; Auflage: 4., überarbeitete Auflage (2. 
August 2007), ISBN-10: 3446412689   
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Dietmar Ratz: Grundkurs Programmieren in Java 2: 
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Systeme, Hanser Fachbuchverlag; Auflage: 2., aktualis. 
u. überarb. A. (März 2006), ISBN-10: 3446404945
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 19
Historical Development (1)
ca. 5000 b. Chr. Counting based on numbers (using fingers to help) 
ca. 1100 b. Chr. Suan-Pan-Procedure (Pearls on wire) 
Ab (R )acus omans
ca. 500 a. Chr. Hindu-Arabic counting system with 10 numbers from 0 to 9
Progress: Introduction of zero base notation , 
1623 “Counting Clock” with 4 basic arithmetic operations (Schickard): 
first digital principle of data processing in the form of gear wheelse l o
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1833 Mechanical counting machine of Charles Babbage                              
His suggestions for future counting machines fail due to lack of
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1890  Key punch method (reason: 11. American population census)
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 20
Historical Development (2)
1936 Konrad Zuse develops the Z1        
- In order to build the Z1 computer, in 1936 he quit his job at the Henschel Aeroplane 
factory and converted his parents‘ living room in to his workshop. 
- The Z1 is completely mechanical (thin plates, cut out with a jigsaw).
- It was completely financed out of private means, but never reached satisfactory 
performance.  
- Specs: 1 Hertz, 64 binary cells each with 22 Bits
Weight: ca. 500 kg
Power consumption: ca 1000 Watte l o
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(for the electronic motor clock)
- The Z1 was used as the model for other scientific calculators. 
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 21
Completed  Z1 1983 with Konrad Zuse - Deutsche Technikmuseum Berlin
Historical Development (3)
1941    Konrad Zuse develops the Z3
- The Z3 was the first functioning, freely programmable, binary based computer in the world. 
- Daten:  5-10 Hertz
Weight: ca. 1000 kg
Power Consumption: ca. 4000 Watt 
600 Relay Arithmetic Logic Unit
1600 Relay Memory (64 Words x 22 Bit)       
- Area of application: Wing calculations (Flutter problem)
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1944    H. AIken (IBM) develops the relay computer MARK 
Deutsches Museum München
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 22
Historical Development (4)
1948 Development of ENIAC (Electronical Numerical 
Integrator and Computer) 1st generation computer
1957 2nd ti t b d t i t  genera on compu ers ase  on rans s ors
1964 3rd generation computers based on integrated circuits
1975  4th generation computers: Several thousand circuits on 
1 chip
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which lasted 6 years without being changed
1982 5th ti t D l t f ll l.
 
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WWW, Internet/Intranet, E-Mail, E-banking,
Multimedia, Virtual Reality, usw.
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 23
What is Computer Science?
• Computer science has developed from mathematics at the same time the 
computers themselves were being developed. 
Definition 1.1: Computer Science is the science concerned with the 
structure, effectiveness, construction principles, and 
the application possibilities of information producing 
systems as well as their application. [Stud05].
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 24
Aim of Computer Science
• The aim of computer science is to break away from specific conditions of 
technical implementations of existing computers as well as from specific 
applications through abstraction and modeling to produce general   ,    
laws, which determine information processing, to develop standard 
solutions and standard development practices. [Schn88].
„Computer Science is as concerned as little with the computer as 
Astronomy is concerned with the telescope “u t
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(Edsger Wybe Dijkstra, 1930 - 2002)
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• It follows that in Computer Science the computer is a tool, to solve 
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 25
Information Processing
• Information processing (or data processing) is in general the processing of 
information including the storage and processing of sensory inputs from 
living organisms Strictly speaking it is the processing of digitally coded .          
information, which can be separated according to fixed rules and 
classifications. [Goos03].
• The term Information processing can be split into two terms „Information“ 
and „Processing“, which will be described on the following slides.
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 26
Data – Information - Knowledge [Stud05] 
• Data is many characters of a language, whose purpose is to represent the 
processing of information. 
They contain a single syntactic dimension     .
i.e.: „1500“
• Information consists of syntax and semantic (form and content).
i 1500 i th b f t ti d“u
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.e.: „  s e num er o  ro a ons per secon
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• Knowledge also consists of a pragmatic Dimension. 
It is also connected to a goal or purpose (operation orientated).
i e : The idle running speed of 1500 rpm is too high; the motoru c
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 27
Information is context senstive
• Information is a potential, actually existing usable or used sample of data 
representation, that is relevant for an observer in a specific context.
Data: ….AAB03F9390….
CAD Modelling
Medical Image 
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 28
Source: IBM, CATIA V5 Source: Fraunhofer-IGD
The Processing of Information
• In order to exactly describe the processing of information, Computer 
Scientists define the term „Algorithm“ as follows:
Definition 1.2: An Algorithm is a precise description, according to 
which the execution of a certain operation of a 
t i t i i d fi d ithsys em n a cer a n sequence s e ne , w  
which it is possible to solve problems of a given 
type. [Bieh00].
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Which means, it must supply an answer in a finite time.
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 29
Introduction to Computer Science and Areas of Application
Computer 
Sciencen c e
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 30
next
Theoretical Computer Science
• Theoretical Computer Science deals with theoretical basics:
- Automaton theory
- Formal languages
- Switching theory
Algorithm theoryn
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- Complexity of algorithms
- Information theoryC o
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i
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- Coding theory
- etc.
.
 
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t
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1
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1
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4
.
• Knowledge of theoretical structures is important training for everyone who 
designs complex systems [Gumm02].
1
.
 
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 31
back
Practical Computer Science
• Practical Computer Science is responsible for system software:
- Programming languages
- Compiler engineering
n
c
e
- Operating systems
- Programming methods
C ffi h
Source: Knoppix
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i
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- omputer tra c t eory
- etc.
Source: Sharp
.
 
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t
o
 
• The interface between primitive operations, which can be performed by 
computer hardware and the applications which are utilised by the user is
Source: Java Compier - Eclipse
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 ,           
the central task of practical computer science.  [Gumm02].
1
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 32
back
Technical Computer Science
• Technical Computer Science is responsible for the functional 
architecture and logical design of digital computers and peripheral 
devices as well as for computer architecture and organisation:        
- Computer architecture 
- Switching techniques Source:Embedded Systemsn c
e
- System and component development
- Network technology
Comp ter organisation
 
Universität Heidelberg 
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i
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- u  
- Robotics
- etc.
Source:
Lehrstuhl für kognitive Systeme
.
 
I
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i
o
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t
o
 
• To put it simply, one can say that technical computer science is responsible 
for the allocation of the hardware [Gumm02].
Universität Kiel
u
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a
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1
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1
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4
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• The boundary between technical computer science and electronic 
engineering is not clearly defined. 
1
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 33
back
Applied Computer Science
• Applied Computer Science uses knowledge from computer science in 
order to produce computers, software products and hardware for 
other sciences or application areas:    
- Graphical data processing
- Image processing
Source: United Videophone
n
c
e
 
- Data structures
- Data organisationC o
m
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S
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i
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- Communication systems
- Distributed data processing systems
Source:
Fraunhofer-IGD
.
 
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t
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- etc.
A li d C t S i i ft d t f ll i t di i li
Source: UGS
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1
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4
.
• pp e  ompu er c ence s o en use  as a erm or a  n er sc p nary 
sciences with a computer science part. 
1
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 34
back
Lecture Plan
Lecture Content
1. Introduction
1.1. Preface
1.1.2 Historical Development
 
1.1.1 Objectives and Literature
1.1.3 What is Computer Science?
1.1.4 Introduction to Computer Science
1 2 Engineering applications. .  
1.2.1 Application of Comp. Sci. in Engineering
1.2.2 Application of Comp. Sci in IMI
1.2.3 Product Lifecycle Management (PLM)
1.2.4 Computer Aided Design (CAD)
1 2 5 C t Aid d E i i (CAE). .  ompu er e  ng neer ng 
Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 35
Construction Office at the Beginning of the 20th Century: Construction on „Paper“
e
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i
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E
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S
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2
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1
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E
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1
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2
Source: Prof. Eigner, VPE 1
1
.
 
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 36
Product Development at the Beginning of the 21st Century : Construction in 3D - CAD
e
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2
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1
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1
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2
Source: BMW AG
1
.
 
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 37
Application of Computer Science in Engineering (1)
Integrated Product 
e
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Development
Automated 
Manufacuring Systems
c
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Conveyor Systems
Material and Process 
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S
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Simulation
Information Management 
in Engineering2 .
1
.
 
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Mechatronics
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1
.
2
Robotics
…
1
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 38
Application of Computer Science in Engineering (2)
Representation
Team
e
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Knowledge
Application
2
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 39
Si l i
Simulation in the Development Process
mu at on
e
e
r
i
n
g
• Model Parameters
• Verification from calculations 
and measurements
• Model parameters identified
• Model improvementc
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i
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• Test Definitions
• Controller Data
 
o
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Shifting tests in the 
Simulation:
„From Road to Rig to 
2
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Office“
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1
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Test Bench Test Run1 .  I
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 40
Source: IPEK
Aim:
Thermal Simulation of Machine Processes
Simulation of the thermal behaviour of components in the machining process for the 
optimisation of machine parameters, working sequence and improving production processes 
for cost minimisation.
e
e
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g
   
Motivation:
• Complex components exhibit a high number of nodes.
c
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i
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E
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g
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e
• Complex components require a lot of different process steps. 
• Heavy simplication of components and processes are needed to make simulation possible. 
o
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S
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Application of high performance computers:
• Simulation of complete components2 . 1
.
 
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• High degree of detail in each process
• Reduce computing time
u
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• No memory overflow
1
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 41
Source: wbk
Tires / Road Noise Simulation
Traffic Noise Reduction:
e
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Tires / Road Noise Simulation
c
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Modelling of tires/lane changing 
taking in to account age and road 
o
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S
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surface texture, drive and brake 
torque, friction and air displacement. 
2
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Pressure distribution across 
the surface of the tire in 
u
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contact with the road. 
1
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 42
Source: Continental
Application of Computer Science in IMI
• 3 Research Areas
- Lifecycle Engineering
- Collaborative Engineering
- Virtual Engineering
c
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• Application of key Virtual 
Reality (VR) technology
L t th Lif l
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C
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S
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• ayou  e ecyc e 
Engineering Solutions Center
(LESC)
2
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2
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 43
Lifecycle Engineering: Product Lifecycle Management (PLM)
c
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i
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I
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SALES
CIS
MANUFACTURING
PLANNING
CAD / CAM
PRODUCTION
ERP / PIM
PRODUcTION
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S
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CONSTRUCTION
CAD / CAE UTILISATION
CIS
INTEGRATED
INFORMATION POOL 
PLM
2
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SERVICE &
MAINTENANCE
ERP / CIS
DEVELOPMENT
CONCEPT
CAS / VIS
SALES AND
UTILISATIONLegende:
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1
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RECYCLING
ERPMARKETING
S
  CAS Computer-Aided Styling
CAD Computer-Aided Design
CAE Computer-Aided Engineering
CAM Computer-Aided Manufacturing
VIS Vi li ti
1
.
 
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.
 MI SPECIFICATION
ERP
sua za on
PLM Product Lifecycle Management
PIM Production Information Management
CIS Customer Information System
ERP Enterprise Resource Planning
Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 44
   
MIS Marketing Information System
• Requirements
Lifecycle Engineering- Vision 
• Specification
• „Design-in-Context“
• Prototype-reference configuration
• Integrated virtual validation • Project organisation
c
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I
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• Product optimisation
• Line organisation
• Supplier
• Distributor
• WorkshopProduct Lifecycle
o
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A
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NPR
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Information
2
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VIRTUAL PRODUCT
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1
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• Development
• Testing
• Manufacturing
• Sales CUSTOMER
1
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• Usage 
• Maintenance
• Recycling
• Customer requests
• Customer relationship
• Customer feedback
Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 45
Collaborative Engineering: Electronic Brainstorming
Using modern information and telecommunications technologies it is possible 
for several participants world-wide to participate in conferences.
Aim:
• No physical boundaries • "free" team composition
c
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• Not bound to time
• Easily and economically organisable
A t ti i f th ti
• Accelerated problem solution
• Provide sketches within a discussion
o
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• u oma c sav ng o  e mee ng • Share written or electronic documents
Example: Di it l2
.
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g a  
Video Camera
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1
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New York
1
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 46
Sidney
Virtual Engineering: Virtual Vehicle 
Complete, computer-based and integrated modelling of a vehicle throughout the entire
product life cycle, from the specification to service and recycling. The virtual vehicle allows a
l i t l“ h dli f th f t hi l f th d l li f t„pure y v r ua an ng o e u ure ve c e or e eve opers, supp ers, manu ac urers
and clients alike, so that they are all able to judge it from the point of all its qualities and
functions.
c
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DEVELOPER SUPPLIER2
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MANUFACTURECUSTOMER
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 47
\Tittl 1 1 1{ df df }
Virtual Engineering: Vision
„Build the product right the first time!“
Virtual Product
• Context-Orientated Design
• Prototype-Orientated
e . . sa sa as
  
Configuration
• „High-end“ Visualisation
• Validation
• Feedback und Optimisation
c
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Engineering Network
Team Collaboration
2
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• Iterative Workflows
• „Workflow“ & „Workload“ 
M t
• CAx
• PLM
• VR/AR
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1
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2
anagemen
• Quality Gates 
• Deliverables & Progress 
ManagementInformation and 
C i ti T h l i
• Web-Portale
• Telecommunications Services
Know-how
1
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 48
Product life cycleommun ca on ec no og es
Product Development 
Process
Crash Simulation
Virtual Engineering: Simulation
 
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Ergonomy Test Assembly
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 49
Quelle: Adam Opel AG
Virtual Engineering: Virtual Factory
Virtual Factory
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 50
Quelle: Adam Opel AG
LESC Infrastructure (1)
Interactive Virtual Living Lab
Stationary widescreen projection for high definition immersive visualisation    -  
Collaboration Room
• Integration of different groups
Mixed Reality Labor
Mobile projections
(End users and cluster users)
• Flexible access to the projection facilities
•  
• Haptic input-/output 
Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 51
LESC Front End
LESC Infrastructure (2)
Pool 
P d t Lif l M t L b• ro uc ecyc e anagemen  a or
• Simulation laboratory
LESC Back End
Developer office
  
Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 52
LESC opening ceremony on the 25th of June 2008
Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 53
LESC tasks
Qualification for new professions: science meets industry!
Virtual Mock-Up
Engineer
Element „DMU“
Projekt 3311
Element „Produktkomponente“
Name: Hinterachse
Nummer: 9191545/003
C d 20 2 01
PLM-System liest
Zuordnung
Design
Engineer
c
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i
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I
M
I
...
...
Motor
Lenkung
Hinterachse Limousine
Hinterachse Caravan
Hinterachse Van
Hinterachse
Vorderachse
Radaufhängung
Reifen, Räder
Bremsen
Fahrwerk   
10
20
20.1
20.2
20.2:01
...
.
.
o e: . :
1
20.2:01 Hinterachse Limousine
20.2:01 Hinterachse Caravan
20.2:01 Hinterachse Van
Fahrzeugvarianten
„Code <-> DMU-Struktur“
aus Tabelle
2
Abfrage, in welche(n) 
Variante(n) 
die Produktkomponente
3
PLM-System baut 
Komponente
in selektierte 
DMU-Position ein
Hinterachse Limousine
Hinterachse Caravan
Gewähltes  Projekt:   3311
Hinterachse Van
Variantenauswahl
.
.
.
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o
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...Kühlsystem
.
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Eingebaut werden soll
All
Cancel
None
RemoveAdd / Replacedd / eplace
.
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Process 
2
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Multi-project 
Manager
Integration
Manager
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 54
• Development of new application fields in the product development through
Tasks during the product development process
         
the use of innovative technologies.
• Orientation towards improvement of industrial processes and optimization       
of the entire product life cycle. 
• Extending existing local business procedures and infrastructures to allow 
m
e
n
t
 
(
P
L
M
)
continuous IT-supported business process.
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M
a
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a
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m
Need for a distributed solution for the integration of
- Data
2
.
3
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P
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L
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- Processes
- Resources
u
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E
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g
.
 
A
p
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/
 
1
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2
New management and organizational concept:
Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) !
1
.
 
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 55
    
Source: Berliner Kreis, Technology Monitoring
Aims
Engineering Improvement
Guarantee of a constant, virtual and transparent
information flow within the entire product life cycle
Engineering covers not only the 
construction, but all process for 
product manufacturing (from the 
product idea to recycling). 
m
e
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t
 
(
P
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)
Business 
processes
Resources
Optimal usage
Information
Supply at the right 
place and the right
This is achieved through control of 
business processes in the entire 
d t lif l d l fe
c
y
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M
a
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a
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m
Optimization of 
management and 
processes
    
time with quality 
and quantity which 
d d
pro uc  e cyc e an  supp y o  
information and resources at the 
right place and time, with quality 
and quantity which meet demands. 
Resources can be people, 
2
.
3
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P
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o
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L
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meet eman s
Using IT and communication
machines, technologies etc.
u
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E
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IT and  Communication technologies
    
technologies all engineering from 
a company can be improved
1
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 56
Source: Eigner, „Produktdatenmanagement-Systeme: ein Leitfaden für Product 
Development und Lifecycle Management“  
Motivation
Product Lifecycle Phases and Tasks
Design Simulation Process Planning
......
Applicationsm e
n
t
 
(
P
L
M
)
 
Digital Mock-Up Digital Factory
e
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Compare Request2
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3
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P
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L
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Search
Test
Change
Classification
Archiv Working Status?
u
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Data Status?
Version
StatusCAD Data CAE Data CAM Data
IT Systems1
.
 
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 57
CAD System CAE System CAM System
Application
• Product elaboration: 
- Reduction of the “lead time“ (for example though simultaneous engineering)
- Reduction of the product manufacturing costs (for example through lean 
production)
- Spatial and organizational separation of development and production
m
e
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t
 
(
P
L
M
)
- Strengthened engineer's team work (for example virtual teams)
• Business management:
U f b i i ti ( ti )e
c
y
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e
 
M
a
n
a
g
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m
- se o  new us ness organ za ons e.g. coopera ons
- Frontloading in the early stages of product development
• Customer service:2 . 3
.
 
P
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L
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- Strengthened feedback and use of customer information to optimize product 
development
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• Specifications und Regulations:
- New, aggravated laws and regulations (e.g. environmental ordinances, quality 
regulations like ISO 9000)
1
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 58
   
Basic functionality of PLM
ServicePurchasing
Offer
Costs, 
supply
DevelopmentProduct Lifecycle
Web based user interfaceGraphically intensive working 
methods , Viewing, Browser
m
e
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t
 
(
P
L
M
)
Product data modelsIllustration of product data structures
e
c
y
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M
a
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a
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Administration functions
Version-based administration system
Illustration of life cycles
Access administration2 . 3
.
 
P
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L
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Data interfaces
CATIA
UG
ProE SAP
AutoCAD
Nastran
 
Interaction with external 
systems (CAx)
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.
 
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p
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1
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2
Meta data Product data ...Data files and queries
1
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 59
  
Management of Access Rights
PLM Access
1 User 2 User Group
m
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(
P
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M
)
Thomas Maier
Project „Delta“Project
e
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User Group
Project team 1 Project team 2
Designer Technical Staff Project Manager
2
Team
2
.
3
.
 
P
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User Access: tmaier
- assigned to the person Thomas Maier
Role Usera
User
b
User
x
User
y
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1
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2
User Access: tmaier assigned to
- Project “Delta”
- Team Project team 1
1
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 60
PLM System
- Group Designer
- Role User a
Configuration example for a car
m
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2
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3
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 61Source: Daimler AG
Data management layer 
• On the lowest PLM system level, the database, as well as the tools for the 
administration of files can be found. Usually a commercial database 
system runs on this level (e g SQL-Server or ORACLE)     . .   .
• When designing a PLM system, a database concept must be chosen. This 
database concept establishes basic principles, according to which the data 
m
e
n
t
 
(
P
L
M
)
will be archived and correlation between them can be formed. There are 
various forms of databases, for example the
e
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M
a
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m
- hierarchical database (HDBMS) 
- relational database (RDBMS)
2
.
3
.
 
P
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L
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e
- Object oriented database (ODBMS)
• While hierarchical database systems are scarcely used, today most 
applications primarily implement the relational database conceptu c
t
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E
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.
 
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2
      .
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 62
Views on the product structure 
Different structures (views) on the same product are used, allowing a targeted 
approach on the different processes and tasks
Construction view
contains structural 
relations
Assembly view
Represents the assembly 
orderm e
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(
P
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M
)
FensterFee
 
Wi dow fay
e
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Deckel
Rotorgehäuse
Cover
Rotor2
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R t d k l
Antrieb
Gehäuse
T k
Case
Actuator
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 63
o or ec e annkRotor cover
CAD Basics 
CAD stands for:
Computer Aided Drafting – simple drawing preparation systems
Computer Aided Design – efficient construction systems.
One understands that CAD is computer aid in development and 
construction and refers strictly to graphically intense production and 
C
A
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)
manipulation of an object.
A
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 64
Computer Aided Drafting
Computer Aided Design
Construction on “paper”
Perspective representation of 
the assembly „axle driving shaft“
View on the assembly 
axle driving shaft 
C
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 65
Assembly Modelling in 3D
C
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2
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4
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Local 
coordinate systems
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A bl t ti E l i ti
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 66
ssem y represen a on xp os on represena on 
Classification of CAD systems (1)
CAD systems can be fundamentally differentiated according to whether 
their model space is a 2D or 3D system. 
2D CAD systems:
C
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)
Component geometry is illustrated in a two dimensional co-ordinate 
system by one or two dimensional elements such as points linesA i d
e
d
 
D
e
s
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        , , 
curves and surfaces. Commonly used systems include:
- AutoCAD LT from Autodesk 
2
.
4
.
 
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 67
Classification of CAD systems (2)
3D CAD Systems:
The model of a construction unit / building group is illustrated using a 
three dimensional co-ordinate system and consists of one, two or three
dimensional model elements such as points, lines, two and three
dimensional curves surfaces and solid primitives (cube cylinder ball
C
A
D
)
 ,  , , , 
torus etc.).
A
i
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d
 
D
e
s
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Common 3D systems are:
- Catia from Dassault Systemes
2
.
4
.
 
C
o
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p
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A
 
- UG NX (6) from Siemens PLM
- Pro/Engineer from Parametric Technology Corporation
u
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.
2
 
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 68
3D CAD Systems 
3D CAD t ll th d ti f lid d l f•   sys ems a ow e pro uc on o  so  mo e s, e.g. o  
construction units / building groups, and offer extended modelling 
techniques such as:
- Parametric design
- Feature based design.
C
A
D
)
• Modelling in 3D CAD requires a modified way of thinking and working 
for co-workers
A
i
d
e
d
 
D
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s
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• The solid model can be used in the next phases of the product 
development process e.g.:
2
.
4
.
 
C
o
m
p
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A
- Programming manufacturing machines (CNC)
- Calculation und Simulation: e.g. finite element methods (FEM), multiple body 
systems (MBS)u c
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2
 
- Assembly planning and Virtual Mock-Up (VMU).
1
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 69
2D and 3D approach 
M f t i
Manual
i anu ac ur ng
Computation
convers on2D drawing
C
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)
Prototype
Draw
A
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CNC-Model
CNC-Program2 . 4
.
 
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3D model
Interfaces Computation modelFEM-Model
u
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2
Virtual Mock Up 
VMU-Model
Model
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 70
Product Informationen in the Product Model
Product definition
i.e. over 
R f V l h i
Product representation
i.e. as 
CSG Structure
Product modele erence: a ve ous ngIdentification number: 1234509876
Classification number: VE-0815-4711
-
B-Rep-Structure
Feature-Structure
C
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)
Product presentation
A
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2
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1
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2
i.e. As an exploded representation, parts list or technical design
1
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 71Source: DiK, TU Darmstadt
Product Structure
C
A
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)
A
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(
C
S b assembl2
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4
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C
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• The Product Structure contains the outline of product geometry in module structures. As such, single 
modules are divided into assemblies and single parts.
u - y
Parts
u
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• On the figure above, the product structure of a robot arm is represented. At the highest level of the product 
structure, the product „robot arm“ is located. The single parts and a sub-assembly („Produkt3“) are located 
in the product structure.
1
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 72
• The structuring of the product is done in compliance with the conditions between the parts and sub-
assemblies 
Crash Simulation (1)
n
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(
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 73
Crash-Test with a DMU 
Source: Torsten Kuhlen „Virtuelle Realität in 
der Automobilindustrie“
Crash Simulations (2)
n
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(
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)
Crash types:A i d
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d
 
E
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i
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e
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r
i
  
• Frontal crash
• Side crash2 . 5
.
 
C
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• Rear-end collision
• Crash with a tree 
u
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• Protection from cargo 
• Seat belt
1
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 74Source: Adam Opel GmbH
• Pedestrian crash. 
Linkage Computer Science and Mechanical Engineering (1)
• System & Software Engineering    
- Software Architecture
ƒ SOA: Service Oriented Architecture (techn ) approach for interlinking of  .  -
engineering applications
ƒ Distributed applications – programs, that run on ressources that are spatially
distributed in different locations: servers in America, database in Europe
• Software Engineering 
- Development/Customizing of PLM systems
ƒ Ex. requirements modelling
ƒ Working in a interdisciplinary teams (Computer Scientists + Mechanical Engineers)
M h t iu
c
t
i
o
n
m
m
a
r
y
- ec a ron c
ƒ Mechatronic = Mechanic + Electronic + Software
• Development of mechatronic systems
1
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 75
 
Linkage Computer Science and Mechanical Engineering (2)
D t t t• a a s ruc ures
- Product structures
Representation of a product structure in softwareƒ   
- Data exchage
ƒ Data formats / structures for data exchange (ex. XML-based solutions)   
- Scene graphs (3D-visualisation)
ƒ Treelike structures for representing a 3D scene in software. 
• Simulation Algorithms
ƒ Finite Elemente Method (FEM), int function foobar(int i){for (i;i<42;++i) {
d ( thi )
ƒ Multibody Simulation 
ƒ Virtual factory: material flow, 
Ki ti Si l ti ( t t)
o. some ng ;
dosomething(else);
}
return else;
}
u
c
t
i
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n
m
m
a
r
y
ƒ nema c mu a on par s movemen
- Cryptography
ƒ Information encryption for data exchage
1
.
 
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 76
 . 
Security aspects in product data exchange
Literature (1) 
[Balz05] Helmut Balzert: „Lehrbuch Grundlagen der Informatik”,
Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, 2005
[Bieh00] Ingrid Biehl: Grundzüge der Informatik 4 SS 2000”  „    ,  ,
Fachgebiet Kryptographie und Computeralgebra, 
TU-Darmstadt, 2000
[Goos03] Prof. Dr. Gerhard Goos: „Informatik I, WS 2003/04”, 
Institut für Programmstrukturen und Datenorganisation, 
Uni Karlsruhe, 2003  
[Gumm02] H.-P.Gumm/M. Sommer: „Einführung in die Informatik”, Oldenbourg 
Verlag, 2002
[Henn97] Alexander Hennig: „Die andere Wirklichkeit. VR – Konzepte, Standards, 
Lösungen“, 
Addison Wesley Longman Verlag GmbH 1997    , 
Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 77
Literature (2) 
[Schn88] Hans-Jochen Schneider: „Lexikon Informatik und Datenverarbeitung”, 
Oldenburg Verlag, 1998
[Stud05] Rudi Studer: Grundlagen der Informatik 1 SS 2005“  „    ,  ,
Institut für Angewandte Informatik und Formale 
Beschreibungsverfahren,
Uni-Karlsruhe, 2005 
[Tami04] Oliver Tamine: “Entwurf einer interdisziplinären Konstruktionsmethodik 
zur Wiederverwendung von Roboterkomponenten”, Dissertation, 
Uni Karlsruhe 2004 , 
[TUBe02] Fachgebiet Computer Graphics, 
TU-Berlin, 2002
[Webe98] Küchlin Weber: “Einführung in die Informatik 
(objektorientiert mit Java)”, 
Springer Verlag, 1998  
Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 78
Sources
[TecC06] http://www.tecchannel.de/technologie/prozessoren/401364/
[VNR97] http://tech-www.informatik.uni-
hamburg.de/applets/baukasten/DA/VNR Einleitung.html_
[RNKS05] http://www-rnks.informatik.tu-cottbus.de/
[InfA05] http://www.informatik.uni-augsburg.de/ 
[Bogd05] http://www.uni-koblenz.de/~bogdan/TCP_IP_Presentation.ppt
[MatM05] http://www.mathematik.uni-marburg.de/
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Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Jivka Ovtcharova – CSE - Lecture– Ch. 0 and 1 - WS 09/10 - Slide 79