Java程序辅导

LAB 1 – P.A.W.S. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 1
Lab 1 – P.A.W.S. Product Description
Savannah Martin
Old Dominion University
CS410
Professor J. Brunelle
April 6, 2020
Version 1
LAB 1 – P.A.W.S. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 2
Table of Contents
1 Introduction 3
2 Product Description 3
2.1 Key Product Features and Capabilities 3
2.2 Major Components (Hardware/Software) 3
3 Identification of Case Study 3
4 Product Prototype Description 3
4.1 Prototype Architecture (Hardware/Software) 4
4.2 Prototype Features and Capabilities 4
4.3 Prototype Development Challenges 5
5 Glossary 6
6 References 7
List of Figures
Figure 1: P.A.W.S. Major Functional Component Diagram 4
LAB 1 – P.A.W.S. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 3
1 Introduction
Incoming Old Dominion University students come from various backgrounds and life
experiences (ODU factbook). Nationally, the average undergraduate student’s age is 21.8 years
old (Miller, 2019). In contrast, according to the statistics provided within the ODU Factbook, the
average student at Old Dominion University is 25.91 years old and the average age at graduation
is 28.9 (ODU factbook). Old Dominion University prides itself in its racial and gender diversity
(Brunelle, personal communication, March 9, 2021).
According to national college dropout statistics provided by Admissionsly, 40% of
undergraduate students dropout at some point in their college career and 30% of college students
don’t even make it past their first year of college (“Eye-Opening”, January 27, 2021). Dropout
rates, consequently, have been increasing nationwide (“Eye-Opening”, January 27, 2021).
The number of students enrolling into the Old Dominion University Computer Science
program is greatly increasing; for instance, students entering the program has doubled within the
past five years and is only expected to exponentially increase (Brunelle, personal
communication, February 9, 2021). The number of freshmen has tripled since 2010, yet the
number of seniors has only doubled (Brunelle, personal communication, February 9, 2021).
Computer Science transfer students have higher graduation rates than students entering the
university as freshmen (Brunelle, personal communication, February 9, 2021). According to the
ODU Factbook, 80% of computer science students graduating are transfer students (ODU
factbook). This can be a result of the higher level of preparedness that transfer students possess,
whereas students entering college as freshmen start at ground level (Brunelle, personal
communication, March 9, 2021).
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Due to the ample amount of different academic backgrounds and varying levels of
preparation that students have, there’s a need for resources that individually target each student’s
needs (Brunelle, personal communication, February 9, 2021). University faculty also face a
challenge to prepare individualized advising plans for each student (Brunelle, personal
communication, February 9, 2021). There is an abundance of college resources and opportunities
available that students may not be aware of that would allow students to get out of their comfort
zone and help them be successful in their college career (Brunelle, personal communication,
February 9, 2021). During the current COVID-19 pandemic, the need for awareness of college
opportunities available has only increased due to the lack of on-campus promotion of events
(Brunelle, personal communication, March 9, 2021).
There is a need for a solution that provides students with central management of
academic life and resources that are provided to help them succeed. Planning Ahead, Advising,
Worldliness, and Success, also known as P.A.W.S., addresses this need. P.A.W.S. provides one
central location for access to various resources in addition to tools that aid student success, such
as a personal task list, a community feed filled with academic and career opportunities, and
assessments targeting self-reflection and improvement.
2 P.A.W.S. Description
P.A.W.S. is an online personal student navigational tool that will aid students throughout
their college career. The overall purpose of P.A.W.S is to keep students informed about the
numerous opportunities that their college offers and important steps they must take to graduate
and be successful. In addition, P.A.W.S. makes it easier for university advisors and faculty to
provide academic and career opportunities and resources in order to assist students. Students,
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university faculty, and university administration can access P.A.W.S. from any mobile or desktop
device that has a modern browser and internet access.
2.1 Key Product Features and Capabilities
Once a student is enrolled in Old Dominion University, they are automatically granted a
P.A.W.S. account. Student profiles are auto-populated with their historical student data and can
be further modified by the student. The P.A.W.S. dashboard consists of pawprints that each mark
an individual semester whether it is a past, current, or future semester.
In each individual pawprint, there is a variety of individualized resources that are
specifically selected for each student based on their background, year, major, and interests. This
is a key feature of P.A.W.S. since it provides students with resources that are personalized
towards them instead of overwhelming them with irrelevant information.
In the planning section, the ‘P’ of P.A.W.S., students have access to a checklist that is
generated based on their profile and can also be able to create their own goals for the current
semester. In addition, students are provided with resources for any possible issues they encounter
and information about course prerequisites.
Within the advising section, the ‘A’ of P.A.W.S., students are given links to their advisors
and appointment scheduling. There is also important information that is made easily accessible
for students such as tutoring details and Grade Forgiveness.
The worldliness section of P.A.W.S., the ‘W’, provides students with various academic
and career opportunities which grants students the opportunity to network with professionals and
mentors in their aspiring field. Students are able to be updated on events that are currently going
on and can search for different academic and career opportunities.
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Students can reflect on their accomplishments and setbacks in the ‘S’ of P.A.W.S., the
success section. They can review their checklist to identify their strengths and weaknesses to
know what they need to improve upon in future semesters. Students are also prompted with
surveys to promote feedback and self-reflection.
Advisors and other selected university faculty will be able to access students’ P.A.W.S.
when needed to analyze student progress. University faculty that are granted access can post
university and career opportunities within the ‘W’ feed. In addition, they can post promotion of
events such as colloquial, clubs, and organizations.
2.2 Major Components (Hardware/Software)
P.A.W.S. is made up of the front-end user interfaces, the back-end components of the
application and its database, and external services. Figure 1 shows the major functional
component diagram which displays the various components and interactions that make up the
P.A.W.S. application.
Figure 1
P.A.W.S. Major Functional Component Diagram
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The P.A.W.S. application is available on any desktop or tablet device that has internet
access and a modern browser. The application is also accessible on iOS and Android mobile
devices with internet access and a modern browser since the application is cross-platform. Only
authenticated users are able to access the application through the use of the Shibboleth Single
Sign-on which will verify that the users are from Old Dominion University.
The back-end components consist of a Java Webservlet server and a MySQL database.
The Java Webservlet server uses Apache Tomcat and an Apache web server for the application.
The MySQL database stores data about user accounts, suggestion and feed tags, student task
data, student resource data, student feed data, and student reflection data. Historical student data
drawn from the Banner database will be used to auto-populate each individual student’s account.
There are multiple Firebase services that are used from within P.A.W.S. including Google
Analytics for Firebase and Cloud Messaging. Google Analytics for Firebase lay the groundwork
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for offering feedback to the university to further improve the application. The application
develops heat maps created from the analytics drawn from Firebase. Cloud Messaging allows the
application to deliver notifications to mobile and desktop devices.
P.A.W.S. is developed using VSCode and Eclipse coding environments. Git will be used
for version control followed up by a central repository on GitLab. Jira is used for project
management, collaboration, and as an issue tracker.
The P.A.W.S. application uses the Dart programming language with the use of Google
Flutter which offers the ability to use one codebase for different mobile and desktop devices. The
web portal will be developed using common web languages such as HTML, CSS, and
JavaScript.
3 Identification of Case Study
P.A.W.S. is targeted towards Old Dominion University students, university faculty, and
university administration. The P.A.W.S. application keeps students informed about opportunities
and important steps in order to graduate to assist students in ultimately being successful during
their academic career. The resources will help students prepare for their current and future
semesters, direct students to advisors, offer networking opportunities with mentors and
professionals, and allow students to reflect upon their achievements and experiences. University
faculty will be able to provide students with individualized resources and offer information about
academic and career opportunities. University administration will have access to data and
analytics on how resources within P.A.W.S. is being used to improve the application.
The P.A.W.S. prototype will initially target the Old Dominion University Computer
Science department and its students as a case study. The case study group will provide feedback
on the application and will assess the application’s usefulness to further improve the application.
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Ultimately, P.A.W.S. has the potential to expand to other universities and other academic
institutions. P.A.W.S. would eventually be extensible to other universities since all students could
benefit from having a central management for their academic career.
4 P.A.W.S. Prototype Description
4.1. Prototype Architecture (Hardware/Software)
● Hardware
○ Any iOS/Android mobile or desktop device with internet access
● Software
○ Java Webservlet (Server)
■ Apache Tomcat
○ Database: MySQL Server
○ Google Flutter (Dart)
○ API Documentation: OpenAPI
○ Application Programming Interfaces (APIs)
■ Firebase - Google Analytics and Cloud Messaging
■ Banner - Accessing student historical data
○ Shibboleth Single Sign-on
○ Containerization: Docker
○ Testing: Jest, JUnit
○ IDE: Visual Studio Code, Eclipse
○ Version Control: Git
○ Code Repository: GitLab
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○ Project Management and Issue Tracking: Jira
○ Group Collaboration: Discord, Zoom
4.2. Prototype Features and Capabilities
● Personalized Feed for Faculty and Staff Announcements
● Personalized Checklist for Each Semester
● Links to Resources (advisor scheduling, registration, grade forgiveness, etc.)
● Workspace to Plan for Present and Future Semesters
● Workspace to Network with Professionals and Mentors
● Notification of Opportunities Academic and Professional
● Advertisement of Events (colloquia, clubs, organizations)
● Tracking for Accomplishments Timeline by Semester
● Feedback on Previous Semester(s)
● Advisor is able to access Students’ P.A.W.S.
4.3. Prototype Development Challenges
● Obtaining access to Banner database due to ODU restrictions
● Creating individualized resources for each student
○ Auto-populating students’ historical data into their profile
○ Best possible resources will be difficult to be determined based on students’
historical data
○ Inaccurate resources have the potential to be recommended
● Creating machine learning models for student tag generation with limited data
● Integrating Firebase API
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● Learning curve
○ Programming knowledge of Dart
○ Google Flutter
○ Collaborating asynchronously
○ Machine Learning modeling and algorithms
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5 Glossary
HTML: Hyper Text Markup Language. HTML is the standard markup language for creating
Web pages. HTML describes the structure of a Web page. HTML consists of a series of
elements. HTML elements tell the browser how to display the content.
Git: software for tracking changes in any set of files, usually used for coordinating work among
programmers collaboratively developing source code during software development.
MySQL: an open-source relational database management system. Its name is a combination of
"My", the name of co-founder Michael Widenius's daughter, and "SQL", the abbreviation for
Structured Query Language.
API: application programming interface is an interface that defines interactions between
multiple software applications or mixed hardware-software intermediaries.
GitLab: web-based DevOps lifecycle tool that provides a Git-repository manager providing
wiki, issue-tracking and continuous integration and deployment pipeline features, using an
open-source license, developed by GitLab Inc.
Apache Web Server: A free and open-source cross-platform web server software.
Apache Tomcat: An open-source implementation of the Java Servlet, JavaServer Pages, Java
Expression Language and WebSocket technologies. Tomcat provides a "pure Java" HTTP web
server environment in which Java code can run.
Android: Mobile operating system based on a modified version of the Linux kernel and other
open source software, designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones
and tablets.
iOS: Mobile operating system created and developed by Apple Inc. exclusively for its hardware.
CSS: Cascading Style Sheets is a style sheet language used for describing the presentation of a
document written in a markup language such as HTML. CSS is a cornerstone technology of the
World Wide Web, alongside HTML and JavaScript.
JavaScript: a programming language that conforms to the ECMAScript specification.
JavaScript is high-level, often just-in-time compiled, and multi-paradigm.
Dart: Client-optimized programming language for fast apps on a wide variety of platforms.
Jest: Jest is a JavaScript test runner, that is, a JavaScript library for creating, running, and
structuring tests.
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Shibboleth Single Sign-On: Shibboleth is a single sign-on log-in system for computer networks
and the Internet.
JUnit: unit testing framework for the Java programming language. JUnit has been important in
the development of test-driven development, and is one of a family of unit testing frameworks
which is collectively known as xUnit that originated with SUnit.
Jira: proprietary issue tracking product developed by Atlassian that allows bug tracking and
agile project management.
Docker: Docker is a set of platform as a service products that use OS-level virtualization to
deliver software in packages called containers.
IDE: An integrated development environment is a software application that provides
comprehensive facilities to computer programmers for software development.
OpenAPI: Allows you to convert the metadata about your API into some other format. They
include documentation formats such as HTML and Cwiki, which allow you to distribute static
documentation to consumers.
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6 References
About SEES. (n.d.). Retrieved March 3, 2021, from https://www.odu.edu/sees/about-sees .
Achieve. (n.d.). Retrieved February 16, 2021, from
https://e2eadvising.com/academic-advisor-appointment-manager-KeyFeatures.aspx .
Brunelle, J. (2021, February 9). Personal communication [personal interview].
Brunelle, J. (2021, March 9). Personal communication [personal interview].
Campus Cafe. (n.d.). Retrieved February 16, 2021, from https://campuscafesoftware.com/ .
Classter. (n.d.). Retrieved February 16, 2021, from https://www.classter.com/ .
Eye-Opening college dropout rates & statistics – (2021). (2021, January 27). Retrieved February
15, 2021, from
https://admissionsly.com/college-dropout-rates/#:~:text=The%20first%2Dyear%20colleg
e%20dropout%20rate%20is%2030%25%20in%20the%20U.S.&text=The%20overall%2
0college%20dropout%20rate,higher%20than%20second%2Dgeneration%20students .
Maestro SIS. (n.d.). Retrieved February 18, 2021, from https://bocavox.com/ .
Miller, C. (2019, July 06). College enrollment & student demographics statistics. Retrieved
February 24, 2021, from https://educationdata.org/college-enrollment-statistics .
ODU factbook. (n.d.). Retrieved March 07, 2021, from
https://www.odu.edu/about/facts-and-figures/factbook .