Java程序辅导
C C++ Java Python Processing编程在线培训 程序编写 软件开发 视频讲解
C C++ Java Python Processing编程在线培训 程序编写 软件开发 视频讲解
LAB 1- FORESTER-IN-A-BOX PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LAB 1 - FORESTER-IN-A-BOX PRODUCT DESCRIPTION Aaron Reynolds December 5, 2021 Old Dominion University Professor J. Brunelle CS410W LAB 1 FORESTER-IN-A-BOX PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 1 Contents 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Societal Problem ............................................................................................................. 3 1.2 Solution ................................................................................................................................. 3 2. Forester-in-a-Box Product Description ............................................................................... 4 2.1 Key Product Feature and Capabilities ......................................................................... 4 2.2 Major Components ........................................................................................................ 5 2.1.1 Hardware ....................................................................................................................... 5 2.1.2 Software ......................................................................................................................... 6 3. Identification of a Case Study............................................................................................... 7 3.1 Who is the intended Forester-in-a-Box User? ............................................................. 7 3.2 What is the intended use of Forester-in-a-Box? .......................................................... 8 3.3 Who might use of Forester-in-a-Box in the future? .................................................... 8 4. Forester-in-a-Box Product Prototype Description ............................................................. 8 4.1 Prototype Architecture .................................................................................................. 8 4.2 Prototype Features and Capabilities ............................................................................ 8 4.3 Prototype Development Challenges ................................................................................... 8 5. Glossary .................................................................................................................................. 9 6. References ............................................................................................................................. 11 LAB 1 FORESTER-IN-A-BOX PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 2 Table of Figures Figure 1 – Forester-in-a-Box Multi Functional Component Diagram……………………….4 Figure 2 – Sensor Node Diagram……………………………………………………………….5 Table 1 – Development Tools…………………………………………………………………...6 LAB 1 FORESTER-IN-A-BOX PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 3 1. Introduction Forestry, the third leading industry in Virginia, generates many important products such as paper, lumber, and energy(Mayes 2016). According to the Virginia Department of Forestry, of all forest land in Virginia, families and individuals own 60%(Virginia Department of Forestry 2021). Typically, small woodlot owners implement a "set it and forget it" management plan resulting in an unhealthy forest with diminishing returns to the owner. When compared with large, commercial operations that are intensely and frequently monitored, it is easy to tell that the private woodlot owner is at a disadvantage. 1.1 Societal Problem It is not out of the ordinary for a private woodlot owner to have a limited understanding of forestry and their woodlot’s important characteristics. Combine this with an inability to consistently monitor health and growth because of the difficulty of appropriately timing forest management operations, or an unwillingness to pay for the expenses of professional forester help, and private woodlot owners end up with a minimally managed forest that produces a minimal monetary yield. Private woodlot owners need an inexpensive, simple, and comprehensive solution for monitoring and evaluation of their woodlots to maximize value, improve their management decisions, and prevent losses. 1.2 Solution Forester in a Box is a hardware/software solution aimed at providing the private woodlot owner with timely forest management recommendations based on in situ sensor data. With the use of Forester in a Box, the private woodlot owner would obtain a better understanding and evaluation of their woodlot, constant health and growth monitoring, and professional-level recommendations on woodlot management. Forester in a Box allows the woodlot owner to LAB 1 FORESTER-IN-A-BOX PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 4 manage their forest without paying a forester for periodic visits and recommendations that result in requiring the private woodlot owner to share their profit. 2. Forester-in-a-Box Product Description Figure 1 Forester in a Box is a full suite of hardware and software tools for monitoring pine woodlots to provide timely forest management recommendations, health alerts, and volume and value estimates to maximize the health and value of their woodlot. Forester in a box utilizes a sensor network throughout the woodlot to monitor growth and health. 2.1 Key Product Feature and Capabilities Forester in a Box will provide a comprehensive solution starting with a planning tool for hardware and sensor setup recommendations based on their woodlot’s specific characteristics. After setup, the user will receive regular updates on a web-based platform. The updates will include health alerts, forest value and volume estimates, and forest management recommendations. LAB 1 FORESTER-IN-A-BOX PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 5 2.2 Major Components Forester in a Box provides a hardware and software package including a sensor network to be placed at the user’s woodlot location. The user can use a mobile application when a cellular signal is unavailable or if the user should choose that option for data transfer. Most importantly, the user will have access to a web application that calculates health, growth, and value that the user can access through a web browser on a personal computer or mobile device. 2.1.1 Hardware Figure 2 Forester in a Box’s hardware package consists of a Raspberry Pi with four IR-Cut toggle camera modules, a long-range wireless module, a Sleepy Pi module, and upon user request a cellular modem. These components create Forester in a Box’s sensor which can be paired with a number of other Forester in a Box’s sensors to create a sensor network. The camera modules LAB 1 FORESTER-IN-A-BOX PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 6 included are for taking still images of the trunks and canopy to evaluate health and growth. The long-range wireless module allows the devices to create an ad-hoc network for coordination and redundancy. The Sleepy Pi module will allow the device to go into a sleep mode for efficient power usage over time. Finally, the optional cellular modem that can be included will negate the use of the mobile application and upload data to our servers for calculations when needed; however, this option is only plausible for areas with exceptional cellular service. Other major components not provided are a mobile device and personal computer with internet access where the user can access either the mobile application or web application. 2.1.2 Software Table 1 Forester in a Box’s software components consists of ForestCrowns, OpenCV, TensorFlow, and ArcGIS. Forester in a Box will use the ForestCrowns software tool to aid in determining canopy cover and canopy health. OpenCV is an open-source computer library used for image LAB 1 FORESTER-IN-A-BOX PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 7 processing and performing computer vision tasks such as detecting tree trunks. TensorFlow is an end-to-end machine learning platform that will aid in training the neural network used to determine whether diseases and pests are present. Lastly, ArcGIS is mapping and analytics software that Forester in a Box will use to help find the optimal locations for sensors and create heatmaps to aid the user in understanding where problems are present in their woodlot. Other software development components include GitLab, Amazon RDS, and MySQL. The development team will use GitLab for version control and issue tracking throughout the project. Forester in a Box will store the user’s woodlot data on the backend server using Amazon RDS and MySQL. The development team will use Java, Python, C++, HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to provide efficient computation and an easy-to-use user interface. 3. Identification of a Case Study 3.1 Who is the intended Forester-in-a-Box User? The intended users of Forester in a Box are the private woodlot owners, consulting foresters, and public foresters. Private woodlot owners consist of individuals or families owning ten or more acres who intend on eventually harvesting their woodlot’s trees for profit. The private woodlot owner is the primary customer for which the product is intended. They often have a poor understanding of forestry and their woodlot’s health. Using Forester in a Box will aid the woodlot owner in achieving greater profits come harvest time. Consulting foresters are those who provide services for the private woodlot owner. Forester in a Box will help consulting foresters dispense their services more efficiently. Lastly, public foresters monitor state forest lands the same as the previously mentioned users. LAB 1 FORESTER-IN-A-BOX PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 8 Forester in a Box will help the public forester set up and monitor several woodlots across a region. 3.2 What is the intended use of Forester-in-a-Box? When using Forester in a Box as intended, the user has an inexpensive solution for remote forest monitoring. Forester in a Box will maximize the health and value of the private woodlot owner’s forest via timely health alerts and forest management recommendations. Forester in a Box will also maintain a historical archive of forest health and growth for various purposes depending on the user’s goals. 3.3 Who might use of Forester-in-a-Box in the future? In the future, the users of Forester in a Box may consist of both public and private foresters, lumber companies, non-profit environmental organizations, and state and federal environmental organizations. 4. Forester-in-a-Box Product Prototype Description 4.1 Prototype Architecture 4.2 Prototype Features and Capabilities 4.3 Prototype Development Challenges LAB 1 FORESTER-IN-A-BOX PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 9 5. Glossary • Basal Area: The cross-sectional area of a tree at breast-height. A common way to describe stand density. In forest management, it usually refers to merchantable timber given on a per hectare or per acre basis. • Canopy: the upper level of a forest dominated by the foliage of the forest’s trees. • Canopy cover: measure of land area covered by forest canopy • Crown/Canopy closure: Crown closure, also known as canopy closure, is an integrated measure of the canopy "over a segment of the sky hemisphere above one point on the ground" • Cruise: A timber cruise is a sample measurement of a stand used to estimate the amount of standing timber that the forest contains • Dendrometer: Device for measuring trees • Diameter at Breast-Height (DBH): A standard measurement of a tree’s diameter taken at 4.5 feet from its base. • Forest Management: Catchall term for various tasks that could be performed to promote forest health and productively broadly. o Thinning: removing a percentage of the forest trees reduces canopy crowding and promotes faster growth of the remaining trees. This can be practiced in several ways such as systematically removing every fourth tree. Depending on the age, condition, and composition of the forest, commercial products may be harvested during a thinning operation. o Harvesting: partial or complete removal of trees in a stand. LAB 1 FORESTER-IN-A-BOX PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 10 o Other management practices may include pruning, pesticide application, and various “timber stand improvements” • Growth region: A category of a woodlot which has similar growing conditions due to slope aspect and slope percentage. These can be treated as a subdivision of the woodlot for sampling purposes. • Hectare: Metric unit of area equal to a square with 100m sides or put another way 10,000m2. One hectare contains about 2.47 acres. • Softwood Trees: Needle-bearing trees, gymnosperms; includes pines, spruce, fir, etc. • Stand: “A forest stand is a contiguous community of trees sufficiently uniform in composition, structure, age, size, class, distribution, spatial arrangement, site quality, condition, or location to distinguish it from adjacent communities” • Timber stand improvements: “...forest management practices that improve the vigor, stocking, composition, productivity, and quality of forest stands. Improvement results from removing lower quality trees and allowing crop trees to fully use the growing space. The chief aim of TSI is continued production of more and better timber products. These practices can be used to convert lower quality stands into faster growing and more productive forests of desirable species.” LAB 1 FORESTER-IN-A-BOX PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 11 6. References • [Canopy/Crown Closure](https://academic.oup.com/forestry/article/72/1/59/589132) • [Canopy Cover Instruments/Techniques](https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/journals/pnw_2006_fiala001.p df) • [ForestCrowns: A Transparency Estimation Tool for Digital Photographs of Forest Canopies](https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/gtr/gtr_srs215.pdf) o Software, free to the public, that can be used by forest managers and researchers to monitor growth/decline of forest canopies; provide input for leaf area index estimation; measure light transmission to the forest floor; analyze canopy gaps; detect disease, insect, or storm damage; and monitor health treatments. ForestCrowns can analyze entire images or target specific areas to obtain transparency estimates of individual tree crowns. • [Forest Management - Maine Forestry](https://www.maineforestry.net/forest- management) • [Timber Stand Improvement](http://extension.msstate.edu/publications/timber-stand- improvement) • [Selling Timber: What Landowners should know](https://www.ncforestservice.gov/Urban/pdf/UMO_LO_selling_timber.pdf) • [USDA: Virginia’s Forests 2016](https://dof.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/USFS- SRS-223-VAs-Forests-2016_outpub.pdf) LAB 1 FORESTER-IN-A-BOX PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 12 • [An Overview of Virginia’s Forest Resources](https://dof.virginia.gov/forest-markets- sustainability/forest-inventory/forest-resource-information/) • [Forest Products and Markets](https://dof.virginia.gov/forest-markets- sustainability/forest-products-markets/) • [Biomass Electricity Generation Statistics](https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=26392) • [Growing Pine for Profit](https://dof.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/FT0033-Growing- Pine-for-Profit_pub.pdf) • [The Value of Pine Production](https://dof.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/FT0021-The- Value-of-Pine-Production_pub.pdf) • [Protect Your Pine Forest](https://dof.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/Protect-Your- Pine-Forest_pub.pdf) • [Precision forestry: A revolution in the woods](https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/paper-forest-products-and-packaging/our- insights/precision-forestry-a-revolution-in-the-woods) • [When Beetles Attack](https://www.treefarmsystem.org/SPBwhenbeetlesattack) • [Inventory Calculations] (http://www.ruraltech.org/virtual_cruiser/lessons/lesson_10/Lesson_10_PDF.pdf) • [Tree Growth Models] (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222355789_A_Comparison_of_Tree_Growth_ Models)