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Baseline single-flow TCP results for TEACUP v0.4.5 testbed Grenville Armitage Centre for Advanced Internet Architectures, Technical Report 140502A Swinburne University of Technology Melbourne, Australia garmitage@swin.edu.au Abstract—This technical report summarises a basic set of single-flow TCP experiments designed to confirm correct operation of our TEACUP testbed under teacup-v0.4.5 using pfifo (tail-drop) queue management at the bottle- neck router. We document plausibly correct behaviour of FreeBSD’s NewReno, Cubic and CDG, Linux’s NewReno and CUBIC and Windows 7’s default TCP. We do not attempt to make any meaningful comparisons between the tested TCP algorithms. Index Terms—TCP, experiments, testbed, TEACUP I. INTRODUCTION1 CAIA has developed TEACUP2 [1] to support a com- prehensive experimental evaluation of different TCP congestion control algorithms. Our actual testbed is described in [2]. This report summarises preliminary testbed trials confirming expected single-flow TCP be- haviour under TEACUP v0.4.5. We ran NewReno and CUBIC and CDG (v0.1) trials between two FreeBSD hosts, NewReno and CUBIC trials between two Linux hosts, and a trials between two Windows 7 hosts running their default TCP. The bottleneck in each case is a Linux machine using netem and tc to provide independently configurable bottleneck rate limits and artificial one-way delay (OWD). The rest of the report is organised as follows. Section II summarises the the testbed topology and physical config- uration for these trials. Section III summarises the single- flow behaviour versus time at 2Mbps, while Section IV summarises the single-flow behaviour versus time at 10Mbps. Section V presents the impact of base RTT and buffer size on throughput and induced RTT. Section VI concludes and outlines future work. 1Erratum: Online copy updated July 9th 2014 to clarify use of Windows 7’s default TCP. 2TCP Experiment Automation Controlled Using Python. II. TESTBED TOPOLOGY AND TEST CONDITIONS Each trial is a single TCP connection pushing data in one direction for 90 seconds over a path with different emulated delays and bottleneck speeds. This section documents the testbed topology and tested combinations of operating systems, TCP algorithms and path condi- tions. A. Hosts and router Figure 1 (from [2]) shows a logical picture of the testbed’s networks.3 The router provides a con- figurable bottleneck between three hosts on net- work 172.16.10.0/24 and three hosts on network 172.16.11.0/24. Each host is a triple-boot machine that can run 64-bit Linux (openSUSE 12.3 with kernel 3.9.8 and web10g patch [3]), 64-bit FreeBSD (FreeBSD 9.2- RELEASE #0 r255898) or 64-bit Windows 7 (with Cygwin 1.7.25 for unix-like control of the host). For all experiments the bottleneck router runs 64-bit Linux (openSUSE 12.3 with kernel 3.10.18 patched to run at 10000Hz). We used Host 2 (172.16.10.3) as the data source and Host 4 (172.16.11.2) as the data sink. See [2] for more technical details of the testbed. B. Operating System and TCP combinations The experiments cover three different operating systems, and four different TCP algorithms. • FreeBSD: Newreno4, CUBIC5 and CDG6 (v0.1) • Linux: Newreno and CUBIC 3Each network is a switched Gigabit Ethernet VLAN on a common managed switch. 4http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cc_newreno 5http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cc_cubic 6http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cc_cdg CAIA Technical Report 140502A May 2014 page 1 of 17 192.168.1 172.16.10 172.16.11 Data and control server Router Netem/tc (Linux) Host1 Host6 Host3 Host4 Control Experiment Host2 Host5 Internet Figure 1. Testbed overview • Windows 7: default TCP See Appendices A, B and C for details of the TCP stack configuration parameters used for FreeBSD, Linux and Windows 7 respectively. C. Emulated path conditions The bottleneck router uses netem and tc to concatenate an emulated path with specific one way delay (OWD) and an emulated bottleneck whose throughput is limited to a particular rate.7 We emulated the following path conditions: • 0% intrinsic loss rate • OWD: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 100ms The intrinsic loss rate simply means we did not add any additional packet loss above what was induced by congestion of the bottleneck’s buffer. The OWD is symmetric, so baseline RTT is always 2*OWD. We emulated the following bottleneck conditions: • Bottleneck bandwidths: 2, 6 and 10Mbps • Bottleneck buffer sizes: 50, 90 and 180 pkts • Bottleneck AQM: pfifo The bottleneck implements a buffer (queue) of finite size in packets, and uses simple (pfifo) tail-drop to manage buffer (queue) overflow.8 7Packets sit in a 1000-packet buffer while being delayed, then in configurable “bottleneck buffer” when being rate-shaped. 8Future experiments will introduce and compare the behaviour of FQ_CODEL and PIE. D. Traffic generator and logging Each 90-second TCP flow was generated using iperf 2.0.5 [4] on all three OSes, patched to enable correct control of the send and receive buffer sizes [5]. For each flow, iperf requests 600Kbyte socket buffers to ensure cwnd growth was not artificially limited by the maximum receive window. TCP connection statistics were logged using SIFTR [6] under FreeBSD, Web10g [3] under Linux and TCP EStats under Windows. Packets captured at both hosts with tcpdump were later used to calculate end to end RTT estimates using CAIA’s passive RTT estimator, SPP [7], [8]. III. RTT AND CWND VERSUS TIME AT 2MBPS First we look at the behaviour of RTT and cwnd versus time with a 2Mbps bottleneck rate limit. This allows us to confirm and compare the dynamic behaviours of each TCP implementation in a single-queue environment and observe the impact of bottleneck buffer size. For conciseness, we show results under the following conditions as illustrative examples – a 40ms base RTT and two bottleneck buffer sizes (50 and 90 packets long). Note that at 2Mbps the full-size 1500 byte packet corre- sponds to 6ms. Consequently, given the packet-oriented bottleneck buffer, the congestion-induced component of RTT will jump in multiples of 6ms.9 A. Newreno – FreeBSD and Linux Figures 2 and 3 show the behaviour of cwnd and RTT over time for for NewReno implementations under FreeBSD and Linux respectively where the bottleneck buffer is 50 packets long. Figures 4 and 5 show the same for a bottleneck buffer that is 90 packets long. NewReno shows the classic slow start (SS) followed by cyclical movement of congestion avoidance (CA) and fast recovery/fast retransmit (FR). A key difference is visible – FreeBSD overloads (reuses) cwnd during FR (and the rapid drop and re-growth is reflected in the graphs) whereas Linux uses a separate internal variable to track window size during FR (so the Linux cwnd graphs reflect only CA behaviour). 9Furthermore, cwnd grows by two packets for every ACK. So as the source emits two new packets back-to-back we can observe jumps of 12ms (the two newly-queued packets). CAIA Technical Report 140502A May 2014 page 2 of 17 Bottleneck buffer size influences the periodicity of both cwnd cycles and peak RTT. The larger bottleneck buffer takes longer to fill, and when full it is ‘longer’ in mil- liseconds (of queued up packets waiting to be forwarded at 2Mbps). Linux NewReno cycles half as fast as FreeBSD’s NewReno under the same conditions because the 3.9 Linux kernel defaults to growing cwnd by one for each ACK despite delayed-ACKs being enabled.10 (The FreeBSD 9.2-RELEASE kernel uses “appropriate byte counting” to compensate for the less frequent ACK arrivals caused by delayed-ACKs.) B. CUBIC – FreeBSD and Linux Figures 6 and 7 show the behaviour of cwnd and RTT over time for CUBIC implementations under FreeBSD and Linux respectively where the bottleneck buffer is 50 packets long. Figures 8 and 9 show the same for a bottleneck buffer that is 90 packets long. CUBIC shows the classic slow start followed by cycli- cal movement between fast recovery/fast retransmit and CUBIC’s congestion avoidance modes. C. Windows 7 Figures 10 and 11 show the behaviour of cwnd and RTT over time for Windows 7’s default TCP implementation where the bottleneck buffer is 50 and 90 packets long respectively. The behaviour is as expected, and similar to FreeBSD’s NewReno under these simplified circum- stances. D. CDG – FreeBSD Figures 12 and 12 show the behaviour of cwnd and RTT over time for FreeBSD’s CDG implementation where the bottleneck buffer is 50 and 90 packets long respectively. CDG shows the expected noisey variation in cwnd around a fairly low absolute value. The resulting absolute RTTs are quite low (making the queuing-related quantisation of RTT values also very distinct). 10This behaviour is mostly of academic interest, since modern Linux kernels almost always use CUBIC in preference to NewReno. CAIA Technical Report 140502A May 2014 page 3 of 17 ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll l 0 20 40 60 80 0 50 100 150 20140405−021304_experiment_tcp_newreno_del_20_loss_0_down_2mbit_up_2mbit_aqm_pfifo_bs_50_run_0 Time (s) CW ND (k ) l 172.16.11.2_42210_172.16.10.3_5000 l l ll l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l l l l l l ll l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll l l l l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll l l l l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll l l l l ll l l l l l l l l l l l ll l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll l l l l ll l l l l l l l l l l l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll l l l l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l ll l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll l l l l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll l l l l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll l l l l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l ll l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll l l l l ll l l l l l l l l l l ll l l l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll l l l l ll l l l l l l l l ll l ll l l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll l l l l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l ll 0 20 40 60 80 0 100 200 300 20140405−021304_experiment_tcp_newreno_del_20_loss_0_down_2mbit_up_2mbit_aqm_pfifo_bs_50_run_0 Time (s) SP P RT T (m s) l 172.16.11.2_42210_172.16.10.3_5000 Figure 2. FreeBSD NewReno: 2Mbps bottleneck rate, 40ms base RTT, 50 packet buffer l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll l ll l l l ll l l ll llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll lll lll lll llll llllll llllll llllll llllll lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll lll lll lll llll llllll llllll llllll llllll llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll lll lll lll lll llllll llllll llllll llllll lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll lll lll lll llll llllll llllll llllll llllll llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll lll lll lll llll llllll llllll llllll llllll lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll lll lll lll lll llllll llllll llllll lll 0 20 40 60 80 0 50 100 150 20140405−115015_experiment_tcp_newreno_del_20_loss_0_down_2mbit_up_2mbit_aqm_pfifo_bs_50_run_0 Time (s) CW ND (k ) l 172.16.11.2_38929_172.16.10.3_5000 l ll ll ll l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll llllll lllllllllllllll llllllllllllllll ll l l l l l ll ll ll ll ll ll lll lll ll lll lll lll lll lll ll l l llllll llllllll l l l l l ll ll ll ll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll llllllllllllllllll l l l l l ll ll ll ll ll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll llllllllll llllllll l l l l l ll ll ll ll lll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll l llllllllllllll l l l l l ll ll ll ll ll lll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lllllllll lllllllll l l l l l ll ll ll ll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll l 0 20 40 60 80 0 100 200 300 20140405−115015_experiment_tcp_newreno_del_20_loss_0_down_2mbit_up_2mbit_aqm_pfifo_bs_50_run_0 Time (s) SP P RT T (m s) l 172.16.11.2_38929_172.16.10.3_5000 Figure 3. Linux NewReno: 2Mbps bottleneck rate, 40ms base RTT, 50 packet buffer ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll lll lll llll llll llll llll llll lllll llll llll lll l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll lll lll llll llll llll llll llll lllll llll llll llll l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll lll lll llll llll llll llll llll lllll llll llll llll l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll lll lll llll llll llll llll llll lllll llll llll llll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l l 0 20 40 60 80 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 20140405−021304_experiment_tcp_newreno_del_20_loss_0_down_2mbit_up_2mbit_aqm_pfifo_bs_90_run_0 Time (s) CW ND (k ) l 172.16.11.2_59499_172.16.10.3_5000 ll ll l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l llll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll llll ll l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll llllll l l l l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lllll l l l l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lllll l l l l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lllll l 0 20 40 60 80 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 20140405−021304_experiment_tcp_newreno_del_20_loss_0_down_2mbit_up_2mbit_aqm_pfifo_bs_90_run_0 Time (s) SP P RT T (m s) l 172.16.11.2_59499_172.16.10.3_5000 Figure 4. FreeBSD NewReno: 2Mbps, 40ms base RTT, 90 packet buffer CAIA Technical Report 140502A May 2014 page 4 of 17 l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l llllllll lllllll lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll llllll llllll llllll llllll llllll llllllll llllllll llllllll lllllllll llllllll llllllll lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll llllll llllll llllll llllll llllll llllllll llllllll llllllll llllllll llllllll llllllllll llllllllllllllllllllllllllll 0 20 40 60 80 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 20140405−115015_experiment_tcp_newreno_del_20_loss_0_down_2mbit_up_2mbit_aqm_pfifo_bs_90_run_0 Time (s) CW ND (k ) l 172.16.11.2_38931_172.16.10.3_5000 ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll ll ll ll ll ll llllllllllllllllllll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l lll lll lll lll llll llll lll llll llll llll llll llll llll llll llll llll lllll lllll lllll lllll lllll lllll lllll lllll lllllllllllllllllllll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ll lll lll lll lll lll llll llll llll llll llll lllll llll llll lllll lllll lllll lllll lllll lllll lllll lllll lllll llllll lllllllllllllllllllll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ll 0 20 40 60 80 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 20140405−115015_experiment_tcp_newreno_del_20_loss_0_down_2mbit_up_2mbit_aqm_pfifo_bs_90_run_0 Time (s) SP P RT T (m s) l 172.16.11.2_38931_172.16.10.3_5000 Figure 5. Linux NewReno: 2Mbps bottleneck rate, 40ms base RTT, 90 packet buffer ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll lll lllllll ll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll ll ll l lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll llllll lll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll l l ll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll llllll lll ll l lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll l ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll llll lllll ll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll l ll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll llllll ll l ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll l ll lll l lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll llll lllll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l ll l lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll llllll ll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll l ll ll l lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll llllll lll ll l lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll l ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll llll lllll ll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll l ll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll llllll ll l ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll l l ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll llll lllll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l ll l lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll llll 0 20 40 60 80 0 50 100 150 20140404−212102_experiment_tcp_cubic_del_20_loss_0_down_2mbit_up_2mbit_aqm_pfifo_bs_50_run_0 Time (s) CW ND (k ) l 172.16.11.2_39242_172.16.10.3_5000 l l ll l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l ll ll ll ll lll l l l ll ll llllll ll lll ll l l l l lll l l l ll llllll ll l lll ll l l l l l lll l l lll lllll lll l ll l l l l l l l llll l l ll l llllll ll l lll ll l l l l lll l l l ll llllll ll l lll lll l l l l lll l l ll lll lllll ll ll ll l ll l l ll ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ll l l l ll llllll ll l lll l ll l l l l lll ll lll lllll lll l ll l l l l l l l llll l l ll l llllll ll l lll ll l l l l lll l l l ll llllll lll l lll ll l l l l l lll l l ll lll lllll ll ll ll l ll l l ll ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ll l l l ll lll l 0 20 40 60 80 0 100 200 300 20140404−212102_experiment_tcp_cubic_del_20_loss_0_down_2mbit_up_2mbit_aqm_pfifo_bs_50_run_0 Time (s) SP P RT T (m s) l 172.16.11.2_39242_172.16.10.3_5000 Figure 6. FreeBSD CUBIC: 2Mbps bottleneck rate, 40ms base RTT, 50 packet buffer l l l ll l l ll l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll llllllll lllllll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lllllllllllllllll ll ll ll ll llllll ll ll ll ll ll l llll lllllllllll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l lllllllllllllllll ll ll ll llllll ll ll ll ll ll llll lllllllllll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l lllllllllllllllll ll ll ll llllll ll ll ll ll ll llllllllllllllll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l lllllllllllllllll ll ll ll llllll ll ll ll ll ll llll lllllllllll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l lllllllllllllll ll ll ll ll llllll ll ll ll ll ll lllllllllll llll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l lllllllllllllll ll ll ll ll llllll ll ll ll ll ll llllllllllllllll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l lllllllllllllllll ll ll ll llllll ll ll ll ll ll llll llllll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l lllllllllllllll ll ll ll ll llllll ll ll ll ll ll llllllllllllllll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l lllllllllllllllll ll ll ll llllll ll ll ll ll ll llllllllllllllll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l lllllllllllllll ll ll ll ll llll 0 20 40 60 80 0 20 40 60 80 20140405−070439_experiment_tcp_cubic_del_20_loss_0_down_2mbit_up_2mbit_aqm_pfifo_bs_50_run_0 Time (s) CW ND (k ) l 172.16.11.2_48746_172.16.10.3_5000 l ll ll ll l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l ll ll ll ll l l l l l lllllll llllllll ll l l l l l l llll lllllllllllll ll l l l llllll ll ll l l llll lll lll lllll ll l l l l l l lllllllllllllll ll ll l l l llllll ll l l llllllllllllllll ll l l l l l l lllll llllllllllll ll l l ll llllll ll l l llllll lllll lllll ll ll l l l l l l lllllllllllll lll ll l l ll llllll ll ll l l llllllll lllllll l l ll l l l l l llllllll lllllllll l ll l ll llllll ll ll l lllllllllll lllll ll l l l l l l l l l lllll lllllllll ll l l ll llllll ll ll l llllllllllllll ll ll l l l l l l ll l lllll lllllllll ll l l ll llllll ll l l llllllllllllllll ll l l l l l l lllllllllllll llll ll l l ll llllll ll l l llllllllllllllll ll l l l l l l lllll lllllll lll ll l ll l ll llllll ll l l llllllllllllllll l l l l l l l l ll lll llllllllllll ll l l ll llllll 0 20 40 60 80 0 100 200 300 20140405−070439_experiment_tcp_cubic_del_20_loss_0_down_2mbit_up_2mbit_aqm_pfifo_bs_50_run_0 Time (s) SP P RT T (m s) l 172.16.11.2_48746_172.16.10.3_5000 Figure 7. Linux CUBIC: 2Mbps bottleneck rate, 40ms base RTT, 50 packet buffer CAIA Technical Report 140502A May 2014 page 5 of 17 ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll llll llllllll ll lll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lllll l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll llllllll ll ll lll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll ll lll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll llllllll ll ll lll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll llll llllllll ll ll l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lllll lllll ll ll lll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll ll lll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll llllllll lll ll lll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lllll l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll llllllll ll ll lll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll ll lll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll lll llllllll ll ll lll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll llll ll lll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll llllllll lll ll lll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll ll lll 0 20 40 60 80 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 20140404−212102_experiment_tcp_cubic_del_20_loss_0_down_2mbit_up_2mbit_aqm_pfifo_bs_90_run_0 Time (s) CW ND (k ) l 172.16.11.2_51048_172.16.10.3_5000 ll ll l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l llll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll ll ll ll ll ll llllll ll ll l llll l l ll l l l l ll l ll ll llll l l ll ll l ll llllll lll ll l ll llll lll ll l l l l l ll llll ll ll l ll lll llllll l ll l lllll lll ll l l l l l ll llll ll ll ll ll ll llllll ll ll l llll ll ll ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ll l l l l l llll lll ll l ll ll llllll ll ll l lllll ll ll l l l l ll llll lll ll ll ll ll llllll l ll l llll lll ll l l l l ll l ll lllll l l l l l ll llllll lll ll l l lllll llll l l l l l l ll llll ll ll l ll ll llllll ll ll l lllll ll ll l l l l l llll lll ll ll l ll llllll lll l ll llll ll ll l l l l ll l lll 0 20 40 60 80 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 20140404−212102_experiment_tcp_cubic_del_20_loss_0_down_2mbit_up_2mbit_aqm_pfifo_bs_90_run_0 Time (s) SP P RT T (m s) l 172.16.11.2_51048_172.16.10.3_5000 Figure 8. FreeBSD CUBIC: 2Mbps bottleneck rate, 40ms base RTT, 90 packet buffer l ll ll ll ll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll l lllllllllllllllllllllllll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll l llllllllllllllllllllllllllll lll lll lll lll lllllll lll lll lll lll ll llllllllllllllllllllll llll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll lll lll lll llll lllllll lll lll lll lll lll ll llllllllllllllllllllllllllll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll llllllllllllllllllllllllllllll lll lll lll llll lllllll lll lll lll lll lll ll llllllllllllllllllllllllllllll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll lll lll lll lll lllllll lll lll lll lll lll ll lllllllllllllllllllllllllll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll lll lll lll llll lllllll lll lll lll lll lll ll lllllllllllllllllllllllllll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll lll lll lll llll lllllll lll lll lll lll lll ll lllllllllllllllllllllllllll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll lll lll lll llll lllllll lll lll lll lll lll ll llllllllllllllllllllllllll 0 20 40 60 80 0 50 100 150 20140405−070439_experiment_tcp_cubic_del_20_loss_0_down_2mbit_up_2mbit_aqm_pfifo_bs_90_run_0 Time (s) CW ND (k ) l 172.16.11.2_48748_172.16.10.3_5000 ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l lllllllllllllllllllllllll ll l l l l l l l llllllllllllllllllllllllll ll ll l l l l l ll llllll ll l l l llllllllllllllllllllllllll ll ll l l l l l l l l l l lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll l l l l l ll llllll ll l l l l lllllllllllllllllllllllllll ll ll l l l l l l l l l l l lllllllllllllllllllllllllll lll l l l l l ll llllll ll l l l l lllllllllllllllllllllllllll ll ll l l l l l l l l l l lllllllllllllllllllllllllll lll l l l l l ll llllll ll l l l l lllllllllllllllllllllllllll ll ll l l l l l l l l l l l lllllllllllllllllllllllllll lll l l l l l ll llllll ll l l l l lllllllllllllllllllllllllll ll ll l l l l l l l l l l l lllllllllllllllllllllllllll lll l l l l l l llllll ll l l l l lllllllllllllllllllllllllll ll ll l l l l l l l l l l l lllllllllllllllllllllllllll lll l l l l l ll llllll ll l l l l lllllllllllllllllllllllllll ll 0 20 40 60 80 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 20140405−070439_experiment_tcp_cubic_del_20_loss_0_down_2mbit_up_2mbit_aqm_pfifo_bs_90_run_0 Time (s) SP P RT T (m s) l 172.16.11.2_48748_172.16.10.3_5000 Figure 9. Linux CUBIC: 2Mbps bottleneck rate, 40ms base RTT, 90 packet buffer ll ll ll ll l ll l ll ll ll l ll ll ll l ll ll ll l ll ll ll l ll ll ll l ll l l l l l lll l l lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll l l lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll l l lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll l lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll l lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll l lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll l lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll l lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll l lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll l lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll l lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll l l lll lll 0 20 40 60 80 0 50 100 150 20140406−061928_experiment_tcp_compound_del_20_loss_0_down_2mbit_up_2mbit_aqm_pfifo_bs_50_run_0 Time (s) CW ND (k ) l 172.16.11.2_50476_172.16.10.3_5000 ll l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ll lll l ll ll ll ll l l ll l ll ll ll l ll ll l ll l ll ll ll ll ll l ll ll l l l l l l l l l l l l ll ll l lll ll ll ll ll lll l l l l l l l ll ll ll l l lll ll ll lll l l l l l ll l l ll ll lll ll ll ll ll lll l l l l ll ll l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll l l l l l l l ll l lll ll ll ll ll ll lll l l l l l l l ll ll l lll ll ll ll ll lll l l l ll l l l ll ll ll l ll lll ll ll lll l l l l lll ll l l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll l l l l ll l l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll l l l l l l l ll l lll ll ll ll ll ll lll l l l l ll l ll ll l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l l l l ll 0 20 40 60 80 0 100 200 300 20140406−061928_experiment_tcp_compound_del_20_loss_0_down_2mbit_up_2mbit_aqm_pfifo_bs_50_run_0 Time (s) SP P RT T (m s) l 172.16.11.2_50476_172.16.10.3_5000 Figure 10. Windows 7 default TCP: 2Mbps bottleneck rate, 40ms base RTT, 50 packet buffer CAIA Technical Report 140502A May 2014 page 6 of 17 ll l l ll ll ll l ll ll ll l ll ll ll l ll ll ll l ll ll ll l ll ll ll l ll ll ll l ll l ll ll ll l ll ll ll l ll ll l ll ll l l l l l l l l l l l lll llll llll llll llll llll llll llll lllll lllll lllll lllll lllll llll llll llll llll llll llll llll llll lllll lllll lllll llll lllll llll llll llll llll llll llll llll llll lllll lllll lllll lll lllll llll llll llll llll llll llll llll llll lllll lllll lllll llll lllll 0 20 40 60 80 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 20140406−061928_experiment_tcp_compound_del_20_loss_0_down_2mbit_up_2mbit_aqm_pfifo_bs_90_run_0 Time (s) CW ND (k ) l 172.16.11.2_50534_172.16.10.3_5000 ll l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l llll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lllllllll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll ll ll lll ll lll lll ll lll llll lll lll lll lll lll lllll l l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lllll lll ll ll lll ll lll lll lll ll lll ll llllll l l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll ll lll lll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lllll l l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll ll ll ll lll lll ll ll lll lll lll ll lll lll lllll l l lll 0 20 40 60 80 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 20140406−061928_experiment_tcp_compound_del_20_loss_0_down_2mbit_up_2mbit_aqm_pfifo_bs_90_run_0 Time (s) SP P RT T (m s) l 172.16.11.2_50534_172.16.10.3_5000 Figure 11. Windows 7 default TCP: 2Mbps bottleneck rate, 40ms base RTT, 90 packet buffer l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l 0 20 40 60 80 0 5 10 15 20 25 20140404−162727_experiment_tcp_cdg_del_20_loss_0_down_2mbit_up_2mbit_aqm_pfifo_bs_50_run_0 Time (s) CW ND (k ) l 172.16.11.2_51864_172.16.10.3_5000 l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ll l l l l l l l l l l l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l 0 20 40 60 80 0 20 40 60 80 20140404−162727_experiment_tcp_cdg_del_20_loss_0_down_2mbit_up_2mbit_aqm_pfifo_bs_50_run_0 Time (s) SP P RT T (m s) l 172.16.11.2_51864_172.16.10.3_5000 Figure 12. FreeBSD CDG: 2Mbps bottleneck rate, 40ms base RTT, 50 packet buffer l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l 0 20 40 60 80 0 5 10 15 20 25 20140404−162727_experiment_tcp_cdg_del_20_loss_0_down_2mbit_up_2mbit_aqm_pfifo_bs_90_run_0 Time (s) CW ND (k ) l 172.16.11.2_62836_172.16.10.3_5000 l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ll l l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ll l l l l l l l l l 0 20 40 60 80 0 20 40 60 80 100 20140404−162727_experiment_tcp_cdg_del_20_loss_0_down_2mbit_up_2mbit_aqm_pfifo_bs_90_run_0 Time (s) SP P RT T (m s) l 172.16.11.2_62836_172.16.10.3_5000 Figure 13. FreeBSD CDG: 2Mbps bottleneck rate, 40ms base RTT, 90 packet buffer CAIA Technical Report 140502A May 2014 page 7 of 17 IV. CWND AND RTT VERSUS TIME AT 10MBPS Now we look at the behaviour of cwnd and RTT versus time for a bottleneck rate limit of 10Mbps, bottleneck buffer of 90 packets and all other parameters as in the previous section. Note that at 10Mbps the full-size 1500 byte packet corresponds to 1.2ms.11 A. Newreno – FreeBSD and Linux Figures 14 and 15 show the behaviour of cwnd and RTT over time for for NewReno implementations under FreeBSD and Linux respectively where the bottleneck buffer is 90 packets long. NewReno shows the classic slow start followed by cycli- cal movement between fast recovery/fast retransmit and congestion avoidance modes. Compared to the 2Mbps scenarios, cwnd cycles faster and the peak RTT is lower (since the ‘full’ buffer drains faster at 10Mbps). B. CUBIC – FreeBSD and Linux Figures 16 and 17show the behaviour of cwnd and RTT over time for CUBIC implementations under FreeBSD and Linux respectively where the bottleneck buffer is 90 packets long. C. Windows 7 Figures 18 shows the behaviour of cwnd and RTT over time for Windows 7’s default TCP implementation where the bottleneck buffer is 90 packets long. The behaviour is as expected, and similar to FreeBSD’s NewReno under these simplified circumstances. D. CDG – FreeBSD Figure 12 shows the behaviour of cwnd and RTT over time for FreeBSD’s CDG implementation where the bottleneck buffer is 90 packets long. As with the 2Mbps case, CDG shows the expected noisey variation in cwnd around a fairly low absolute value. The resulting absolute RTTs are quite low, making the quantisation of RTT values also very distinct. 11Hence the congestion-induced component of RTT will jump in multiples of 1.2ms per packet, and frequently by 2.4ms as back-to- back data packets hit the bottleneck. CAIA Technical Report 140502A May 2014 page 8 of 17 ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll l lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll l lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll l lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll l lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll l lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll l lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll l lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll l lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll l lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll l lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll l lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll l lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll l lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll l lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll 0 20 40 60 80 0 100 200 300 400 20140405−021304_experiment_tcp_newreno_del_20_loss_0_down_10mbit_up_10mbit_aqm_pfifo_bs_90_run_0 Time (s) CW ND (k ) l 172.16.11.2_14614_172.16.10.3_5000 ll lll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll lll lll lll lll l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll 0 20 40 60 80 0 50 100 150 20140405−021304_experiment_tcp_newreno_del_20_loss_0_down_10mbit_up_10mbit_aqm_pfifo_bs_90_run_0 Time (s) SP P RT T (m s) l 172.16.11.2_14614_172.16.10.3_5000 Figure 14. FreeBSD NewReno: 10Mbps, 40ms base RTT, 90 packet buffer l ll l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ll l l l ll l l l llll lll ll lll ll lll llll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll llll lllll lll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll llll llll llllll lll lll lll llll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll llll lllll llll llll llll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll llll llll llllllll lllll llllll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll llll llll lllll lllll lllll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll llll llll lll lllll lllll ll lll lll ll 0 20 40 60 80 0 100 200 300 20140405−115015_experiment_tcp_newreno_del_20_loss_0_down_10mbit_up_10mbit_aqm_pfifo_bs_90_run_0 Time (s) CW ND (k ) l 172.16.11.2_38919_172.16.10.3_5000 lll lll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll ll ll ll l ll ll ll ll llll llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll lll ll ll ll ll ll lll lll lll llll llll llll llll llll llll lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll lll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll lll llll llll lll lll llll llll llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll lll ll ll ll ll ll lll ll lll lll llll lll llll llll llll llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll lll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll llll llll llll llll llll llll llll llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll lll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll llll llll llll llll llll llll llll llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll lll ll ll ll ll ll lll lll lll llll llll llll llll llll llll llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll lll ll ll ll 0 20 40 60 80 0 50 100 150 20140405−115015_experiment_tcp_newreno_del_20_loss_0_down_10mbit_up_10mbit_aqm_pfifo_bs_90_run_0 Time (s) SP P RT T (m s) l 172.16.11.2_38919_172.16.10.3_5000 Figure 15. Linux NewReno: 10Mbps bottleneck rate, 40ms base RTT, 90 packet buffer ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll l lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll l lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll llll lll llllllll lll ll l lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll lll llll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lllllllll ll ll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll ll lll l lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll llll lll lllllllll ll lll l lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll ll lll ll lll l lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll llll lll llllllll lll ll l lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll lll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll llll lll lllllllll ll ll l lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll lll ll ll lll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lllllllll lll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll llll lll llllllll lll ll l lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll ll lll ll lll l lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lllllllll ll ll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll llll lll llllllll lll ll l lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll ll lll ll ll 0 20 40 60 80 0 100 200 300 400 20140404−212102_experiment_tcp_cubic_del_20_loss_0_down_10mbit_up_10mbit_aqm_pfifo_bs_90_run_0 Time (s) CW ND (k ) l 172.16.11.2_40949_172.16.10.3_5000 ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll llll ll ll llllllll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll llll llll ll ll lllllllll ll ll ll lll ll ll ll ll ll lll llll ll lll lllllllll lll ll lll lll ll ll ll ll ll ll llll ll lll lllllllll lll ll ll lll ll ll ll ll ll lll llll ll ll llllllllll lll ll ll lll ll ll ll ll ll llll lllll ll lll lllllllll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll llll ll ll lllllllll ll ll lll lll ll ll ll ll lll l lllll ll ll llllllll ll ll ll lll ll ll ll ll lll lll llll ll lll llllllll ll ll lll lll ll ll ll ll ll 0 20 40 60 80 0 50 100 150 20140404−212102_experiment_tcp_cubic_del_20_loss_0_down_10mbit_up_10mbit_aqm_pfifo_bs_90_run_0 Time (s) SP P RT T (m s) l 172.16.11.2_40949_172.16.10.3_5000 Figure 16. FreeBSD CUBIC: 10Mbps bottleneck rate, 40ms base RTT, 90 packet buffer CAIA Technical Report 140502A May 2014 page 9 of 17 lll l ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll l l ll l l l l lll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll llll l ll l l ll l ll l lll lll lll lll lll lll llllllll lll lll lll lll lll lll l ll ll l ll l ll lll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll l ll l ll l ll l l l lll lll lll lll lll lll llllllll lll lll lll lll lll lll l ll l ll l ll ll l lll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll l l ll l l ll l ll l llll lll lll lll lll llllllll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll l l ll l l l ll l llll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll l ll l ll ll l ll l lll lll lll lll lll llllllll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll ll l ll ll l ll lll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lllll l ll l ll ll l ll lll ll lll lll lll lll llllllll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll ll ll l ll ll ll l lll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll llll l ll l lll l ll l llll ll lll lll lll lll llllllll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll l lll l ll ll l ll lll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lllll l ll ll ll ll l l lll ll lll lll lll lll llllllll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll ll ll l l ll l lll lll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lllll l ll ll ll l ll l lll lll lll lll lll lll llllllll lll lll lll lll lll lll l ll ll l ll ll ll l lll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll llll ll ll l ll ll ll l lll lll lll 0 20 40 60 80 0 50 100 150 200 20140405−070439_experiment_tcp_cubic_del_20_loss_0_down_10mbit_up_10mbit_aqm_pfifo_bs_90_run_0 Time (s) CW ND (k ) l 172.16.11.2_48736_172.16.10.3_5000 lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lllllllllllllllllllllllllllll l lll lll lll lll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll ll ll ll lllllllll ll ll ll ll llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll l ll ll lll lllllllll ll ll ll ll lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll ll ll ll ll ll lllllllll ll ll ll ll llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll l ll ll ll lllllllll ll ll ll ll lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll ll ll lll ll ll ll lllllllll ll ll ll ll lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll ll ll ll lllllllll ll ll ll ll llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll ll ll lll ll ll ll lllllllll ll ll ll ll llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll lll l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll ll ll ll ll ll lllllllll ll ll ll ll lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll ll ll ll l 0 20 40 60 80 0 50 100 150 20140405−070439_experiment_tcp_cubic_del_20_loss_0_down_10mbit_up_10mbit_aqm_pfifo_bs_90_run_0 Time (s) SP P RT T (m s) l 172.16.11.2_48736_172.16.10.3_5000 Figure 17. Linux CUBIC: 10Mbps bottleneck rate, 40ms base RTT, 90 packet buffer lll l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ll l l ll l l lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll l lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll llll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll llll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll l lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll llll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll l 0 20 40 60 80 0 100 200 300 400 20140406−061928_experiment_tcp_compound_del_20_loss_0_down_10mbit_up_10mbit_aqm_pfifo_bs_90_run_0 Time (s) CW ND (k ) l 172.16.11.2_50186_172.16.10.3_5000 lll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l lll lll ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll ll ll ll ll lll lll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll l ll l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll l ll ll ll l 0 20 40 60 80 0 50 100 150 20140406−061928_experiment_tcp_compound_del_20_loss_0_down_10mbit_up_10mbit_aqm_pfifo_bs_90_run_0 Time (s) SP P RT T (m s) l 172.16.11.2_50186_172.16.10.3_5000 Figure 18. Windows 7 default TCP: 10Mbps bottleneck rate, 40ms base RTT, 90 packet buffer l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l 0 20 40 60 80 0 20 40 60 80 20140404−162727_experiment_tcp_cdg_del_20_loss_0_down_10mbit_up_10mbit_aqm_pfifo_bs_90_run_0 Time (s) CW ND (k ) l 172.16.11.2_40532_172.16.10.3_5000 l l l l l l l lll l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l ll l l l ll l lll l l l l lll ll l lllll ll l l l l lll ll l l l l l ll l l l l ll l l l l l l ll l lll l l l ll lll l l l l l ll l lll l l l l ll lll l l l l ll l l l llll l l l l l lll llll l l l l l l l ll l ll ll l ll ll l l l llllll l l l l ll l l l l l l l l l lllll l l l l l l lll llll l l l l l ll l l l l lll l l lll llll l l l l l lll l lll ll l l l l lll l lll ll l l l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l ll l ll l ll l l l l llllll ll l l l l l lllll ll l l l l l l ll l l l ll l l lll ll l l ll l l l lllll l lll ll l l l l ll l l l lll lll l l l l l llllll l l l lll llll l l l l ll l l l l ll l lll ll l l l l lll l l l l l l llllll l l l l l l llll l l l l llllllll l l l l l l llll l l lll l l l l l l l l l l l l ll l l l lllll ll l l l l l ll l l l l l l ll l l ll l l l l l l ll l lll l l l l llll ll l l l llll ll l l l l l lll lll l l l ll l llll l lll l l ll l l l l l l ll l lll l l l lll ll l l l l l l lll l l l l lll l l l llllll ll l l l llll l l l l llllll l l lll ll l l l lll llll l l ll l l l lll l l l l llll ll l l lll ll l l l l l l llllll l l l llll l l l ll l l l l lll l l ll ll l l lll l l lllll l l l l lllllll l l l l l l l l l l l ll l l l l ll l l l l l lllllll l l l l l lll l l l l l lll l l l l llll l l l ll l l l 0 20 40 60 80 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 20140404−162727_experiment_tcp_cdg_del_20_loss_0_down_10mbit_up_10mbit_aqm_pfifo_bs_90_run_0 Time (s) SP P RT T (m s) l 172.16.11.2_40532_172.16.10.3_5000 Figure 19. FreeBSD CDG: 10Mbps bottleneck rate, 40ms base RTT, 90 packet buffer CAIA Technical Report 140502A May 2014 page 10 of 17 V. THROUGHPUT AND INDUCED RTT VERSUS BASE OWD AND BUFFER SIZE This section looks at the impact of varying different path parameters – base (intrinsic) OWD, bottleneck buffer size and speed – on achievable throughput and overall RTT. First we look at the default TCPs of Windows 7, FreeBSD and Linux. Then we compare FreeBSD’s CDG and NewReno. A. Default TCPs: Windows 7, FreeBSD and Linux 1) Running at 2Mbps: Figures 20 and 21 provide a side- by-side comparison of induced RTT and throughput dis- tributions for TCP flows using these default algorithms over a 2Mbps path. For clarity we plot results for only a subset of OWD (0, 20, 40 and 100ms) and and all three bottleneck buffer sizes (50, 90 and 180 packets). Figure 21 shows that all three TCPs saturated the 2Mbps path for OWD up to 100ms and buffer size up to 180 packets. Figure 20 shows the median, peak and spread of RTTs increasing as the bottleneck buffer rises from 50 to 180 packets. We can also clearly see the base OWD influencing the minimum RTTs as expected. 2) Running at 6Mbps: Running the path at 6Mbps gives results broadly as expected. Figure 22 shows the RTT distributions across the same range of intrinsic OWD and bottleneck buffers when the path runs at 6Mbps. Figure 23 shows all three TCPs effectively saturated the 6Mbps path for OWD up to 100ms and buffer size up to 180 packets. As with the 2Mbps case, median, peak and spread of RTTs increase as the bottleneck buffer rises from 50 to 180 packets, and the intrinsic OWD has a clear impact on minimum observed RTT. A small drop off for Linux CUBIC is evident at 100ms OWD and 90 or 180 packet buffers – TCP spends proportionally less time congesting the bottleneck buffer itself, so the RTT doesn’t spread quite as high above the path’s intrinisic (base) RTT. 3) Running at 10Mbps: Running the path at 10Mbps gives results broadly as expected. Figure 24 shows that the 10Mbps path is saturated by all three TCPs for all buffer sizes at low to moderate OWDs. At 100ms OWD we see the impact of bottleneck buffers being smaller than a path’s bandwidth-delay product – we see a modest reduction in median throughput with 50 and 90 packet bottleneck buffers. Figure 25 shows the RTT distributions across the same range of OWD and bottleneck buffers when the path runs at 10Mbps. As with the 2Mbps case, median, peak and spread of RTTs increase as the bottleneck buffer rises from 50 to 180 packets, and the OWD has a clear impact on minimum observed RTT. However, at high OWD each TCP spends proportionally less time congesting the bottleneck buffer itself, so the RTT doesn’t spread quite as high above the path’s intrinisic (base) RTT. B. Comparing FreeBSD’s CDG to NewReno Figure 26 shows the RTT induced by single FreeBSD CDG and NewReno flows over a path with 10ms and 100ms intrinsic OWD, all three bottleneck rate limits and 90 and 180 packet bottleneck buffer sizes. Figure 27 shows the throughput achieved by the single CDG and NewReno flows under these same conditions. Two aspects stand out: • CDG introduces very little to the path’s intrinsic RTT, regardless of link speed and buffer size • CDG achieves close to 95% or better of NewReno’s throughput when the path’s intrinsic RTT is low, but suffers noticeable performance degradation (and variability) when the path’s intrinsic RTT is high These results illustrate that while CDG v0.1 may be useful in low-RTT environments, is not ready for more general use in the wider internet.12 VI. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK This report describes a range of simple single-flow TCP tests run on the CAIA TCP testbed using TEACUP v0.4.5. We have observed reasonably correct behaviours of NewReno and CUBIC under FreeBSD and Linux, and Compound TCP under and Windows 7. The bottleneck router appears to produce the desired path characteristics for simple cases noted here. Future work will include more advanced AQMs (such as PIE and fq_codel), asymmetric path latencies, asym- metric path bottleneck bandwidths and concurrent (com- peting) TCP flows in various configurations. Future work may also attempt to draw some conclusions about which of the tested TCP and AQM algorithms are ‘better’ by various metrics. 12FreeBSD 9.2 includes CDG v0.1 as a selectable CC algorithm for research and experimentation, and certainly does not recommend it for normal use. CAIA Technical Report 140502A May 2014 page 11 of 17 ll l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l 20140406−061928_experiment_spprtt_box_2mbps−forTR SP P RT T (m s) 0 50 0 90 0 180 20 50 20 90 20 180 40 50 40 90 40 180 100 50 100 90 100 180 del bs 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 win7−default freebsd−newreno linux−cubic Figure 20. RTT vs OWD and Buffer size: Windows 7 default TCP, FreeBSD NewReno and Linux CUBIC @ 2Mbps [OWD (del): 0ms, 20ms, 40ms and 100ms. Buffer size (bs): 50, 90 and 180 packets] l lll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ll l l l ll l l ll l ll ll ll l l l l l l l l ll l l l l l l l ll l l l l l l l l l l l ll l l lll l l l l l l l l ll ll l l l l l ll l l l l ll l l ll l l l l ll l l l l l l l ll l l l l l l l l 20140406−061928_experiment_throughput_box_2mbps−forTR Th ro ug hp ut (k bp s) 0 50 0 90 0 180 20 50 20 90 20 180 40 50 40 90 40 180 100 50 100 90 100 180 del bs 0 500 1000 1500 2000 win7−default freebsd−newreno linux−cubic Figure 21. Throughput vs OWD and Buffer size: Windows 7 default TCP, FreeBSD NewReno and Linux CUBIC @ 2Mbps [OWD (del): 0ms, 20ms, 40ms and 100ms. Buffer size (bs): 50, 90 and 180 packets] ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS TEACUP v0.4.5 was developed at CAIA by Sebastian Zander, as part of a project funded by Cisco Systems and titled “Study in TCP Congestion Control Performance In A Data Centre”. This is a collaborative effort between CAIA and Mr Fred Baker of Cisco Systems. APPENDIX A FREEBSD TCP STACK CONFIGURATION For the NewReno, CUBIC and CDG trials: uname FreeBSD newtcp3.caia.swin.edu.au 9.2-RELEASE FreeBSD 9.2-RELEASE #0 r255898: Thu Sep 26 22:50:31 UTC 2013 root@bake.isc.freebsd.org:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/GENERIC amd64 System information from sysctl • kern.ostype: FreeBSD • kern.osrelease: 9.2-RELEASE • kern.osrevision: 199506 CAIA Technical Report 140502A May 2014 page 12 of 17 ll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll ll l lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll lll l l lll lll lll lll lll lll lll l 20140406−061928_experiment_spprtt_box_6mbps−forTR SP P RT T (m s) 0 50 0 90 0 180 20 50 20 90 20 180 40 50 40 90 40 180 100 50 100 90 100 180 del bs 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 win7−default freebsd−newreno linux−cubic Figure 22. RTT vs OWD and Buffer size: Windows 7 default TCP, FreeBSD NewReno and Linux CUBIC @ 6Mbps [OWD (del): 0ms, 20ms, 40ms and 100ms. Buffer size (bs): 50, 90 and 180 packets] l l l l l l l ll l l l l l l l ll l ll l l l l l l l l l l ll l l l ll l l l l l l ll ll l l l l l l l ll l l l l l l l l l ll l l l l l l l l l l l ll l l l l l l lll l l ll ll l l lll l l l l l l l l l l l l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l ll l l l l l l 20140406−061928_experiment_throughput_box_6mbps−forTR Th ro ug hp ut (k bp s) 0 50 0 90 0 180 20 50 20 90 20 180 40 50 40 90 40 180 100 50 100 90 100 180 del bs 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 win7−default freebsd−newreno linux−cubic Figure 23. Throughput vs OWD and Buffer size: Windows 7 default TCP, FreeBSD NewReno and Linux CUBIC @ 6Mbps [OWD (del): 0ms, 20ms, 40ms and 100ms. Buffer size (bs): 50, 90 and 180 packets] net.inet.tcp information from sysctl • net.inet.tcp.rfc1323: 1 • net.inet.tcp.mssdflt: 536 • net.inet.tcp.keepidle: 7200000 • net.inet.tcp.keepintvl: 75000 • net.inet.tcp.sendspace: 32768 • net.inet.tcp.recvspace: 65536 • net.inet.tcp.keepinit: 75000 • net.inet.tcp.delacktime: 100 • net.inet.tcp.v6mssdflt: 1220 • net.inet.tcp.cc.available: newreno, cdg • net.inet.tcp.cc.algorithm: cdg13 13Or cubic or newreno • net.inet.tcp.cc.cdg.loss_compete_hold_backoff: 5 • net.inet.tcp.cc.cdg.loss_compete_consec_cong: 5 • net.inet.tcp.cc.cdg.smoothing_factor: 8 • net.inet.tcp.cc.cdg.exp_backoff_scale: 3 • net.inet.tcp.cc.cdg.beta_loss: 50 • net.inet.tcp.cc.cdg.beta_delay: 70 • net.inet.tcp.cc.cdg.alpha_inc: 0 • net.inet.tcp.cc.cdg.version: 0.1 • net.inet.tcp.hostcache.purge: 0 • net.inet.tcp.hostcache.prune: 5 • net.inet.tcp.hostcache.expire: 1 • net.inet.tcp.hostcache.count: 0 • net.inet.tcp.hostcache.bucketlimit: 30 • net.inet.tcp.hostcache.hashsize: 512 • net.inet.tcp.hostcache.cachelimit: 15360 CAIA Technical Report 140502A May 2014 page 13 of 17 ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l llll l l l ll ll l l l l ll l ll l l l l l l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ll ll ll ll ll l l l l ll l l l lll l l l l l l l l l l l l ll l l l ll lll ll ll lll ll ll ll ll ll ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l 20140406−061928_experiment_throughput_box_10mbps−forTR Th ro ug hp ut (k bp s) 0 50 0 90 0 180 20 50 20 90 20 180 40 50 40 90 40 180 100 50 100 90 100 180 del bs 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 win7−default freebsd−newreno linux−cubic Figure 24. Throughput vs OWD and Buffer size: Windows 7 default TCP, FreeBSD NewReno and Linux CUBIC @ 10Mbps [OWD (del): 0ms, 20ms, 40ms and 100ms. Buffer size (bs): 50, 90 and 180 packets] l ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l l ll ll lll lll lll lll l lll lll lll lll ll 20140406−061928_experiment_spprtt_box_10mbps−forTR SP P RT T (m s) 0 50 0 90 0 180 20 50 20 90 20 180 40 50 40 90 40 180 100 50 100 90 100 180 del bs 0 100 200 300 400 win7−default freebsd−newreno linux−cubic Figure 25. RTT vs OWD and Buffer size: Windows 7 default TCP, FreeBSD NewReno and Linux CUBIC @ 10Mbps [OWD (del): 0ms, 20ms, 40ms and 100ms. Buffer size (bs): 50, 90 and 180 packets] • net.inet.tcp.recvbuf_max: 2097152 • net.inet.tcp.recvbuf_inc: 16384 • net.inet.tcp.recvbuf_auto: 1 • net.inet.tcp.insecure_rst: 0 • net.inet.tcp.ecn.maxretries: 1 • net.inet.tcp.ecn.enable: 0 • net.inet.tcp.abc_l_var: 2 • net.inet.tcp.rfc3465: 1 • net.inet.tcp.experimental.initcwnd10: 0 • net.inet.tcp.rfc3390: 1 • net.inet.tcp.rfc3042: 1 • net.inet.tcp.drop_synfin: 0 • net.inet.tcp.delayed_ack: 1 • net.inet.tcp.blackhole: 0 • net.inet.tcp.log_in_vain: 0 • net.inet.tcp.sendbuf_max: 2097152 • net.inet.tcp.sendbuf_inc: 8192 • net.inet.tcp.sendbuf_auto: 1 • net.inet.tcp.tso: 0 • net.inet.tcp.path_mtu_discovery: 1 • net.inet.tcp.reass.overflows: 0 • net.inet.tcp.reass.cursegments: 0 • net.inet.tcp.reass.maxsegments: 1680 • net.inet.tcp.sack.globalholes: 0 • net.inet.tcp.sack.globalmaxholes: 65536 • net.inet.tcp.sack.maxholes: 128 • net.inet.tcp.sack.enable: 1 • net.inet.tcp.soreceive_stream: 0 • net.inet.tcp.isn_reseed_interval: 0 • net.inet.tcp.icmp_may_rst: 1 • net.inet.tcp.pcbcount: 6 • net.inet.tcp.do_tcpdrain: 1 CAIA Technical Report 140502A May 2014 page 14 of 17 l l l l ll ll l ll l ll l 20140404−162727_experiment_spprtt_box_XXXmbps−forTR SP P RT T (m s) 10 2mbit 2mbit 90 10 6mbit 6mbit 90 10 10mbit 10mbit 90 10 2mbit 2mbit 180 10 6mbit 6mbit 180 10 10mbit 10mbit 180 100 2mbit 2mbit 90 100 6mbit 6mbit 90 100 10mbit 10mbit 90 100 2mbit 2mbit 180 100 6mbit 6mbit 180 100 10mbit 10mbit 180 del down up bs 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 freebsd−cdg freebsd−newreno Figure 26. RTT vs OWD, Buffer size and rate limit: FreeBSD CDGv0.1 and FreeBSD NewReno [OWD (del): 10ms and 100ms. Speeds (down and up): 2, 6 and 10Mbps. Buffer size (bs): 90 and 180 packets] l l l ll l l l l l l l l l l l l ll l l ll l l l l l l l ll ll l ll l ll l l l ll ll ll l l l l l l l l l l ll ll ll l ll ll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l 20140404−162727_experiment_throughput_box_XXXmbps−forTR Th ro ug hp ut (k bp s) 10 2mbit 2mbit 90 10 6mbit 6mbit 90 10 10mbit 10mbit 90 10 2mbit 2mbit 180 10 6mbit 6mbit 180 10 10mbit 10mbit 180 100 2mbit 2mbit 90 100 6mbit 6mbit 90 100 10mbit 10mbit 90 100 2mbit 2mbit 180 100 6mbit 6mbit 180 100 10mbit 10mbit 180 del down up bs 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 freebsd−cdg freebsd−newreno Figure 27. Throughput vs OWD, Buffer size and rate limit: FreeBSD CDGv0.1 and FreeBSD NewReno [OWD (del): 10ms and 100ms. Speeds (down and up): 2, 6 and 10Mbps. Buffer size (bs): 90 and 180 packets] • net.inet.tcp.tcbhashsize: 512 • net.inet.tcp.log_debug: 0 • net.inet.tcp.minmss: 216 • net.inet.tcp.syncache.rst_on_sock_fail: 1 • net.inet.tcp.syncache.rexmtlimit: 3 • net.inet.tcp.syncache.hashsize: 512 • net.inet.tcp.syncache.count: 0 • net.inet.tcp.syncache.cachelimit: 15375 • net.inet.tcp.syncache.bucketlimit: 30 • net.inet.tcp.syncookies_only: 0 • net.inet.tcp.syncookies: 1 • net.inet.tcp.timer_race: 0 • net.inet.tcp.per_cpu_timers: 0 • net.inet.tcp.rexmit_drop_options: 1 • net.inet.tcp.keepcnt: 8 • net.inet.tcp.finwait2_timeout: 60000 • net.inet.tcp.fast_finwait2_recycle: 0 • net.inet.tcp.always_keepalive: 1 • net.inet.tcp.rexmit_slop: 200 • net.inet.tcp.rexmit_min: 30 • net.inet.tcp.msl: 30000 • net.inet.tcp.nolocaltimewait: 0 • net.inet.tcp.maxtcptw: 5120 APPENDIX B LINUX TCP STACK CONFIGURATION For the CUBIC and NewReno trials: CAIA Technical Report 140502A May 2014 page 15 of 17 uname Linux newtcp3.caia.swin.edu.au 3.9.8-desktop-web10g #1 SMP PREEMPT Wed Jan 8 20:20:07 EST 2014 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux System information from sysctl • kernel.osrelease = 3.9.8-desktop-web10g • kernel.ostype = Linux • kernel.version = #1 SMP PREEMPT Wed Jan 8 20:20:07 EST 2014 net.ipv4.tcp information from sysctl • net.ipv4.tcp_abort_on_overflow = 0 • net.ipv4.tcp_adv_win_scale = 1 • net.ipv4.tcp_allowed_congestion_control = cubic reno • net.ipv4.tcp_app_win = 31 • net.ipv4.tcp_available_congestion_control = cubic reno • net.ipv4.tcp_base_mss = 512 • net.ipv4.tcp_challenge_ack_limit = 100 • net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control = cubic14 • net.ipv4.tcp_cookie_size = 0 • net.ipv4.tcp_dma_copybreak = 4096 • net.ipv4.tcp_dsack = 1 • net.ipv4.tcp_early_retrans = 2 • net.ipv4.tcp_ecn = 0 • net.ipv4.tcp_fack = 1 • net.ipv4.tcp_fastopen = 0 • net.ipv4.tcp_fastopen_key = e8a015b2-e29720c6-4ce4eff7-83c84664 • net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 60 • net.ipv4.tcp_frto = 2 • net.ipv4.tcp_frto_response = 0 • net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 75 • net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 9 • net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 7200 • net.ipv4.tcp_limit_output_bytes = 131072 • net.ipv4.tcp_low_latency = 0 • net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 16384 • net.ipv4.tcp_max_ssthresh = 0 • net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 128 • net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 16384 • net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 89955 119943 179910 • net.ipv4.tcp_moderate_rcvbuf = 0 • net.ipv4.tcp_mtu_probing = 0 • net.ipv4.tcp_no_metrics_save = 1 • net.ipv4.tcp_orphan_retries = 0 • net.ipv4.tcp_reordering = 3 • net.ipv4.tcp_retrans_collapse = 1 • net.ipv4.tcp_retries1 = 3 • net.ipv4.tcp_retries2 = 15 • net.ipv4.tcp_rfc1337 = 0 • net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 6291456 • net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1 • net.ipv4.tcp_slow_start_after_idle = 1 • net.ipv4.tcp_stdurg = 0 • net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 6 • net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 5 • net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1 • net.ipv4.tcp_thin_dupack = 0 • net.ipv4.tcp_thin_linear_timeouts = 0 • net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 1 • net.ipv4.tcp_tso_win_divisor = 3 • net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 0 • net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 0 14Or newreno • net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1 • net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65535 4194304 • net.ipv4.tcp_workaround_signed_windows = 0 APPENDIX C WINDOWS 7 TCP STACK CONFIGURATION For the compound TCP trials: Cygwin uname CYGWIN_NT-6.1 newtcp3 1.7.25(0.270/5/3) 2013-08-31 20:37 x86_64 Cygwin netsh int show int Admin State State Type Interface Name ---------------------------------------------- Enabled Connected Dedicated Local Area Connection 2 Enabled Connected Dedicated Local Area Connection netsh int tcp show global Querying active state... TCP Global Parameters ---------------------------------------------- Receive-Side Scaling State : enabled Chimney Offload State : disabled NetDMA State : enabled Direct Cache Acess (DCA) : disabled Receive Window Auto-Tuning Level : normal Add-On Congestion Control Provider : none ECN Capability : disabled RFC 1323 Timestamps : disabled netsh int tcp show heuristics TCP Window Scaling heuristics Parameters ---------------------------------------------- Window Scaling heuristics : enabled Qualifying Destination Threshold : 3 Profile type unknown : normal Profile type public : normal Profile type private : normal Profile type domain : normal netsh int tcp show security Querying active state... ---------------------------------------------- CAIA Technical Report 140502A May 2014 page 16 of 17 Memory Pressure Protection : disabled Profiles : enabled netsh int tcp show chimneystats Your System Administrator has disabled TCP Chimney. netsh int ip show offload Interface 1: Loopback Pseudo-Interface 1 Interface 12: Local Area Connection Interface 14: Local Area Connection 2 netsh int ip show global Querying active state... General Global Parameters --------------------------------------------- Default Hop Limit : 128 hops Neighbor Cache Limit : 256 entries per interface Route Cache Limit : 128 entries per compartment Reassembly Limit : 32893088 bytes ICMP Redirects : enabled Source Routing Behavior : dontforward Task Offload : disabled Dhcp Media Sense : enabled Media Sense Logging : disabled MLD Level : all MLD Version : version3 Multicast Forwarding : disabled Group Forwarded Fragments : disabled Randomize Identifiers : enabled Address Mask Reply : disabled Current Global Statistics --------------------------------------------- Number of Compartments : 1 Number of NL clients : 7 Number of FL providers : 4 REFERENCES [1] S. Zander, G. Armitage, “TEACUP v0.4 – A System for Automated TCP Testbed Experiments,” Centre for Advanced Internet Architectures, Swinburne University of Technology, Tech. Rep. 140314A, March 2014. [Online]. Available: http://caia.swin.edu.au/reports/140314A/CAIA-TR-140314A.pdf [2] ——, “CAIA Testbed for TCP Experiments,” Centre for Advanced Internet Architectures, Swinburne University of Tech- nology, Tech. Rep. 140314B, March 2014. [Online]. Available: http://caia.swin.edu.au/reports/140314B/CAIA-TR-140314B.pdf [3] “The Web10G Project.” [Online]. Available: http://web10g.org [4] “iperf Web Page.” [Online]. Available: http://iperf.fr/ [5] “NEWTCP Project Tools.” [Online]. Available: http://caia.swin. edu.au/urp/newtcp/tools.html [6] L. Stewart, “SIFTR – Statistical Information For TCP Research.” [Online]. Available: http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query= siftr [7] S. Zander and G. Armitage, “Minimally-Intrusive Frequent Round Trip Time Measurements Using Synthetic Packet-Pairs,” in The 38th IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN 2013), 21-24 October 2013. [8] A. Heyde, “SPP Implementation,” August 2013. [Online]. Available: http://caia.swin.edu.au/tools/spp/downloads.html CAIA Technical Report 140502A May 2014 page 17 of 17