The influence of caffeinated and non-caffeinated multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements on resistance exercise performance and subjective outcomes
— Texas Tech University Scholars Skip to main navigation Skip to search Skip to main content Texas Tech University Scholars Home Home Scholars Organizations Grants Research Scholarly Activities Search by expertise, name or affiliation The influence of caffeinated and non-caffeinated multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements on resistance exercise performance and subjective outcomes Matthew T. Stratton, Madelin R. Siedler, Patrick S. Harty, Christian Rodriguez, Jake R. Boykin, Jacob J. Green, Dale S. Keith, Sarah J. White, Brielle DeHaven, Abegale D. Williams, Grant M. Tinsley Kinesiology and Sport Management Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review Overview Fingerprint Abstract Background: There is substantial consumer and practitioner interest in an emerging supplement class known as multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements (MIPS), largely due to their prevalence in resistance training communities as well as research findings demonstrating the ergogenic impact of caffeine on muscular performance. However, limited research has examined the potential efficacy of non-caffeinated MIPS, despite their growing popularity among those who are caffeine-sensitive or who train later in the day. Methods: Twenty-four resistance-trained college-aged males (n = 12) and females (n = 12) completed three visits in which they ingested either a caffeinated MIPS (C), an otherwise identical non-caffeinated MIPS (NC), or placebo in a double-blind, counterbalanced, crossover fashion. Squat isometric peak force (PFiso), rate of force development (RFD), and isokinetic performance were assessed. Upper and lower body maximal muscular strength and endurance were evaluated using the bench press and leg press, respectively. Visual analog scales for energy, focus, and fatigue were completed five times throughout the testing protocol. The effects of supplementation and biological sex on all variables were examined using linear mixed effects models. Results: Significantly greater PFiso was observed in both C (b: 0.36 transformed units [0.09, 0.62]) and NC (b: 0.32 transformed units [95% CI: 0.05, 0.58]) conditions, relative to placebo. Early RFD (RFD50) may have been higher with supplementation, particularly in females, with no effects for late RFD (RFD200) or peak RFD. In addition, increases in subjective energy after supplement ingestion were noted for C, but not NC. No effects of supplementation on traditional resistance exercise performance or isokinetic squat performance were observed, other than a lower leg press one-repetition maximum for males in the NC condition. Conclusions: These data indicate that acute ingestion of either a caffeinated or non-caffeinated pre-workout formulation improved maximal force production during an isometric squat test but did not provide additional benefit to leg press, bench press, or isokinetic squat performance over placebo, within the context of a laboratory environment. The consumption of a caffeinated, but not non-caffeinated, MIPS increased subjective ratings of energy over placebo when assessed as part of a testing battery. Original language English Pages (from-to) 126-149 Number of pages 24 Journal Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition Volume 19 Issue number 1 DOIs https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2022.2060048 State Published - 2022 Keywords Caffeine alpha-glyceryl phosphoryl choline beta-alanine betaine citrulline non-stimulant stimulant Access to Document 10.1080/15502783.2022.2060048 Other files and links Link to publication in Scopus Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'The influence of caffeinated and non-caffeinated multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements on resistance exercise performance and subjective outcomes'. Together they form a unique fingerprint. strength training Agriculture & Biology 100% ingredients Agriculture & Biology 56% placebos Agriculture & Biology 50% Placebos Medicine & Life Sciences 47% Leg Medicine & Life Sciences 42% Caffeine Medicine & Life Sciences 36% legs Agriculture & Biology 30% Eating Medicine & Life Sciences 26% View full fingerprint Cite this APA Author BIBTEX Harvard Standard RIS Vancouver Stratton, M. T., Siedler, M. R., Harty, P. S., Rodriguez, C., Boykin, J. R., Green, J. J., Keith, D. S., White, S. J., DeHaven, B., Williams, A. D., & Tinsley, G. M. (2022). The influence of caffeinated and non-caffeinated multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements on resistance exercise performance and subjective outcomes. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 19(1), 126-149. https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2022.2060048 Stratton, Matthew T. ; Siedler, Madelin R. ; Harty, Patrick S. ; Rodriguez, Christian ; Boykin, Jake R. ; Green, Jacob J. ; Keith, Dale S. ; White, Sarah J. ; DeHaven, Brielle ; Williams, Abegale D. ; Tinsley, Grant M. / The influence of caffeinated and non-caffeinated multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements on resistance exercise performance and subjective outcomes. In: Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 2022 ; Vol. 19, No. 1. pp. 126-149. @article{32b8865f1c034b92a87fe4e03bbcc1d3, title = "The influence of caffeinated and non-caffeinated multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements on resistance exercise performance and subjective outcomes", abstract = "Background: There is substantial consumer and practitioner interest in an emerging supplement class known as multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements (MIPS), largely due to their prevalence in resistance training communities as well as research findings demonstrating the ergogenic impact of caffeine on muscular performance. However, limited research has examined the potential efficacy of non-caffeinated MIPS, despite their growing popularity among those who are caffeine-sensitive or who train later in the day. Methods: Twenty-four resistance-trained college-aged males (n = 12) and females (n = 12) completed three visits in which they ingested either a caffeinated MIPS (C), an otherwise identical non-caffeinated MIPS (NC), or placebo in a double-blind, counterbalanced, crossover fashion. Squat isometric peak force (PFiso), rate of force development (RFD), and isokinetic performance were assessed. Upper and lower body maximal muscular strength and endurance were evaluated using the bench press and leg press, respectively. Visual analog scales for energy, focus, and fatigue were completed five times throughout the testing protocol. The effects of supplementation and biological sex on all variables were examined using linear mixed effects models. Results: Significantly greater PFiso was observed in both C (b: 0.36 transformed units [0.09, 0.62]) and NC (b: 0.32 transformed units [95% CI: 0.05, 0.58]) conditions, relative to placebo. Early RFD (RFD50) may have been higher with supplementation, particularly in females, with no effects for late RFD (RFD200) or peak RFD. In addition, increases in subjective energy after supplement ingestion were noted for C, but not NC. No effects of supplementation on traditional resistance exercise performance or isokinetic squat performance were observed, other than a lower leg press one-repetition maximum for males in the NC condition. Conclusions: These data indicate that acute ingestion of either a caffeinated or non-caffeinated pre-workout formulation improved maximal force production during an isometric squat test but did not provide additional benefit to leg press, bench press, or isokinetic squat performance over placebo, within the context of a laboratory environment. The consumption of a caffeinated, but not non-caffeinated, MIPS increased subjective ratings of energy over placebo when assessed as part of a testing battery.", keywords = "Caffeine, alpha-glyceryl phosphoryl choline, beta-alanine, betaine, citrulline, non-stimulant, stimulant", author = "Stratton, {Matthew T.} and Siedler, {Madelin R.} and Harty, {Patrick S.} and Christian Rodriguez and Boykin, {Jake R.} and Green, {Jacob J.} and Keith, {Dale S.} and White, {Sarah J.} and Brielle DeHaven and Williams, {Abegale D.} and Tinsley, {Grant M.}", note = "Funding Information: This study was supported by a research grant from Legion Athletics, Inc. (Sponsored Project # 20-1299). The authors wish to thank the research participants for their efforts during this study. Additionally, the authors acknowledge Dr. Eric Trexler for his helpful input regarding data analysis using linear mixed effects models and Dr. Ty Palmer for writing the LabVIEW software used for the mechanized squat device. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.", year = "2022", doi = "10.1080/15502783.2022.2060048", language = "English", volume = "19", pages = "126--149", journal = "Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition", issn = "1550-2783", number = "1", } Stratton, MT, Siedler, MR, Harty, PS, Rodriguez, C, Boykin, JR, Green, JJ, Keith, DS, White, SJ, DeHaven, B, Williams, AD & Tinsley, GM 2022, 'The influence of caffeinated and non-caffeinated multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements on resistance exercise performance and subjective outcomes', Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 126-149. https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2022.2060048 The influence of caffeinated and non-caffeinated multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements on resistance exercise performance and subjective outcomes. / Stratton, Matthew T.; Siedler, Madelin R.; Harty, Patrick S.; Rodriguez, Christian; Boykin, Jake R.; Green, Jacob J.; Keith, Dale S.; White, Sarah J.; DeHaven, Brielle; Williams, Abegale D.; Tinsley, Grant M. In: Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, Vol. 19, No. 1, 2022, p. 126-149. Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review TY - JOUR T1 - The influence of caffeinated and non-caffeinated multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements on resistance exercise performance and subjective outcomes AU - Stratton, Matthew T. AU - Siedler, Madelin R. AU - Harty, Patrick S. AU - Rodriguez, Christian AU - Boykin, Jake R. AU - Green, Jacob J. AU - Keith, Dale S. AU - White, Sarah J. AU - DeHaven, Brielle AU - Williams, Abegale D. AU - Tinsley, Grant M. N1 - Funding Information: This study was supported by a research grant from Legion Athletics, Inc. (Sponsored Project # 20-1299). The authors wish to thank the research participants for their efforts during this study. Additionally, the authors acknowledge Dr. Eric Trexler for his helpful input regarding data analysis using linear mixed effects models and Dr. Ty Palmer for writing the LabVIEW software used for the mechanized squat device. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. PY - 2022 Y1 - 2022 N2 - Background: There is substantial consumer and practitioner interest in an emerging supplement class known as multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements (MIPS), largely due to their prevalence in resistance training communities as well as research findings demonstrating the ergogenic impact of caffeine on muscular performance. However, limited research has examined the potential efficacy of non-caffeinated MIPS, despite their growing popularity among those who are caffeine-sensitive or who train later in the day. Methods: Twenty-four resistance-trained college-aged males (n = 12) and females (n = 12) completed three visits in which they ingested either a caffeinated MIPS (C), an otherwise identical non-caffeinated MIPS (NC), or placebo in a double-blind, counterbalanced, crossover fashion. Squat isometric peak force (PFiso), rate of force development (RFD), and isokinetic performance were assessed. Upper and lower body maximal muscular strength and endurance were evaluated using the bench press and leg press, respectively. Visual analog scales for energy, focus, and fatigue were completed five times throughout the testing protocol. The effects of supplementation and biological sex on all variables were examined using linear mixed effects models. Results: Significantly greater PFiso was observed in both C (b: 0.36 transformed units [0.09, 0.62]) and NC (b: 0.32 transformed units [95% CI: 0.05, 0.58]) conditions, relative to placebo. Early RFD (RFD50) may have been higher with supplementation, particularly in females, with no effects for late RFD (RFD200) or peak RFD. In addition, increases in subjective energy after supplement ingestion were noted for C, but not NC. No effects of supplementation on traditional resistance exercise performance or isokinetic squat performance were observed, other than a lower leg press one-repetition maximum for males in the NC condition. Conclusions: These data indicate that acute ingestion of either a caffeinated or non-caffeinated pre-workout formulation improved maximal force production during an isometric squat test but did not provide additional benefit to leg press, bench press, or isokinetic squat performance over placebo, within the context of a laboratory environment. The consumption of a caffeinated, but not non-caffeinated, MIPS increased subjective ratings of energy over placebo when assessed as part of a testing battery. AB - Background: There is substantial consumer and practitioner interest in an emerging supplement class known as multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements (MIPS), largely due to their prevalence in resistance training communities as well as research findings demonstrating the ergogenic impact of caffeine on muscular performance. However, limited research has examined the potential efficacy of non-caffeinated MIPS, despite their growing popularity among those who are caffeine-sensitive or who train later in the day. Methods: Twenty-four resistance-trained college-aged males (n = 12) and females (n = 12) completed three visits in which they ingested either a caffeinated MIPS (C), an otherwise identical non-caffeinated MIPS (NC), or placebo in a double-blind, counterbalanced, crossover fashion. Squat isometric peak force (PFiso), rate of force development (RFD), and isokinetic performance were assessed. Upper and lower body maximal muscular strength and endurance were evaluated using the bench press and leg press, respectively. Visual analog scales for energy, focus, and fatigue were completed five times throughout the testing protocol. The effects of supplementation and biological sex on all variables were examined using linear mixed effects models. Results: Significantly greater PFiso was observed in both C (b: 0.36 transformed units [0.09, 0.62]) and NC (b: 0.32 transformed units [95% CI: 0.05, 0.58]) conditions, relative to placebo. Early RFD (RFD50) may have been higher with supplementation, particularly in females, with no effects for late RFD (RFD200) or peak RFD. In addition, increases in subjective energy after supplement ingestion were noted for C, but not NC. No effects of supplementation on traditional resistance exercise performance or isokinetic squat performance were observed, other than a lower leg press one-repetition maximum for males in the NC condition. Conclusions: These data indicate that acute ingestion of either a caffeinated or non-caffeinated pre-workout formulation improved maximal force production during an isometric squat test but did not provide additional benefit to leg press, bench press, or isokinetic squat performance over placebo, within the context of a laboratory environment. The consumption of a caffeinated, but not non-caffeinated, MIPS increased subjective ratings of energy over placebo when assessed as part of a testing battery. KW - Caffeine KW - alpha-glyceryl phosphoryl choline KW - beta-alanine KW - betaine KW - citrulline KW - non-stimulant KW - stimulant UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85128304827&partnerID=8YFLogxK U2 - 10.1080/15502783.2022.2060048 DO - 10.1080/15502783.2022.2060048 M3 - Article AN - SCOPUS:85128304827 VL - 19 SP - 126 EP - 149 JO - Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition JF - Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition SN - 1550-2783 IS - 1 ER - Stratton MT, Siedler MR, Harty PS, Rodriguez C, Boykin JR, Green JJ et al. The influence of caffeinated and non-caffeinated multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements on resistance exercise performance and subjective outcomes. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 2022;19(1):126-149. https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2022.2060048 Powered by Pure, Scopus & Elsevier Fingerprint Engine™ © 2022 Elsevier B.V We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. 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